Guided tour of hidden tracts in the pelvis: exploring pelvic fistulas

BACKGROUND: Fistulas are an abnormal connection between two or more epithelial surfaces. When fistulization between adjacent structures occurs in the pelvis, there is almost invariably significant associated morbidity and impact on a patient’s quality of life. Imaging may aid in the diagnosis of pelvic fistulas and is essential to identify any associated pathology, define the course of the fistula, and aid in pre-surgical planning. PURPOSE: This article aims to review the wide array of clinical and imaging presentations of fistulas in the pelvis, with a focus on the radiologists’ role in managing this challenging entity. METHODS: This article will review each classification type of fistula. RESULTS: Pelvic fistula is a devastating condition that causes significant morbidity and evaluation can be challenging. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging, and particularly MRI, plays a vital role in the diagnosis, characterizing the course of a fistula and demonstrating associated complications, which are essential to guide treatment decisions.