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Extracellular and Intracellular Factors in Brain Cancer
The external and internal factors of the cell are critical to glioma initiation. Several factors and molecules have been reported to be implicated in the initiation and progression of brain cancer. However, the exact sequence of events responsible for glioma initiation is still unknown. Existing rep...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8429835/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513834 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.699103 |
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author | Kanwore, Kouminin Kambey, Piniel Alphayo Guo, Xiao-Xiao Abiola, Ayanlaja Abdulrahman Xia, Ying Gao, Dianshuai |
author_facet | Kanwore, Kouminin Kambey, Piniel Alphayo Guo, Xiao-Xiao Abiola, Ayanlaja Abdulrahman Xia, Ying Gao, Dianshuai |
author_sort | Kanwore, Kouminin |
collection | PubMed |
description | The external and internal factors of the cell are critical to glioma initiation. Several factors and molecules have been reported to be implicated in the initiation and progression of brain cancer. However, the exact sequence of events responsible for glioma initiation is still unknown. Existing reports indicate that glioma stem cells are the cell of glioma origin. During cell division, chromosome breakage, DNA alteration increases the chance of cell genome modifications and oncogene overexpression. Although there is a high risk of gene alteration and oncogene overexpression, not everyone develops cancer. During embryogenesis, the same oncogenes that promote cancers have also been reported to be highly expressed, but this high expression which does not lead to carcinogenesis raises questions about the role of oncogenes in carcinogenesis. The resistance of cancer cells to drugs, apoptosis, and immune cells does not rely solely on oncogene overexpression but also on the defect in cell organelle machinery (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoskeleton). This review discusses factors contributing to cancer; we report the dysfunction of the cell organelles and their contribution to carcinogenesis, while oncogene overexpression promotes tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression through cell adhesion. All these factors together represent a fundamental requirement for cancer and its development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8429835 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84298352021-09-11 Extracellular and Intracellular Factors in Brain Cancer Kanwore, Kouminin Kambey, Piniel Alphayo Guo, Xiao-Xiao Abiola, Ayanlaja Abdulrahman Xia, Ying Gao, Dianshuai Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology The external and internal factors of the cell are critical to glioma initiation. Several factors and molecules have been reported to be implicated in the initiation and progression of brain cancer. However, the exact sequence of events responsible for glioma initiation is still unknown. Existing reports indicate that glioma stem cells are the cell of glioma origin. During cell division, chromosome breakage, DNA alteration increases the chance of cell genome modifications and oncogene overexpression. Although there is a high risk of gene alteration and oncogene overexpression, not everyone develops cancer. During embryogenesis, the same oncogenes that promote cancers have also been reported to be highly expressed, but this high expression which does not lead to carcinogenesis raises questions about the role of oncogenes in carcinogenesis. The resistance of cancer cells to drugs, apoptosis, and immune cells does not rely solely on oncogene overexpression but also on the defect in cell organelle machinery (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoskeleton). This review discusses factors contributing to cancer; we report the dysfunction of the cell organelles and their contribution to carcinogenesis, while oncogene overexpression promotes tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression through cell adhesion. All these factors together represent a fundamental requirement for cancer and its development. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8429835/ /pubmed/34513834 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.699103 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kanwore, Kambey, Guo, Abiola, Xia and Gao. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Kanwore, Kouminin Kambey, Piniel Alphayo Guo, Xiao-Xiao Abiola, Ayanlaja Abdulrahman Xia, Ying Gao, Dianshuai Extracellular and Intracellular Factors in Brain Cancer |
title | Extracellular and Intracellular Factors in Brain Cancer |
title_full | Extracellular and Intracellular Factors in Brain Cancer |
title_fullStr | Extracellular and Intracellular Factors in Brain Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular and Intracellular Factors in Brain Cancer |
title_short | Extracellular and Intracellular Factors in Brain Cancer |
title_sort | extracellular and intracellular factors in brain cancer |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8429835/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513834 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.699103 |
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