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PAX2(+) Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds

During embryonic gonadal development, the supporting cell lineage is the first cell type to differentiate, giving rise to Sertoli cells in the testis and pre-granulosa cells in the ovary. These cells are thought to direct other gonadal cell lineages down the testis or ovarian pathways, including the...

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Autores principales: Estermann, Martin A., Mariette, Mylene M., Moreau, Julie L. M., Combes, Alexander N., Smith, Craig A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8429852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.735203
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author Estermann, Martin A.
Mariette, Mylene M.
Moreau, Julie L. M.
Combes, Alexander N.
Smith, Craig A.
author_facet Estermann, Martin A.
Mariette, Mylene M.
Moreau, Julie L. M.
Combes, Alexander N.
Smith, Craig A.
author_sort Estermann, Martin A.
collection PubMed
description During embryonic gonadal development, the supporting cell lineage is the first cell type to differentiate, giving rise to Sertoli cells in the testis and pre-granulosa cells in the ovary. These cells are thought to direct other gonadal cell lineages down the testis or ovarian pathways, including the germline. Recent research has shown that, in contrast to mouse, chicken gonadal supporting cells derive from a PAX2/OSR1/DMRT1/WNT4 positive mesenchymal cell population. These cells colonize the undifferentiated genital ridge during early gonadogenesis, around the time that germ cells migrate into the gonad. During the process of somatic gonadal sex differentiation, PAX2 expression is down-regulated in embryonic chicken gonads just prior to up-regulation of testis- and ovary-specific markers and prior to germ cell differentiation. Most research on avian gonadal development has focused on the chicken model, and related species from the Galloanserae clade. There is a lack of knowledge on gonadal sex differentiation in other avian lineages. Comparative analysis in birds is required to fully understand the mechanisms of avian sex determination and gonadal differentiation. Here we report the first comparative molecular characterization of gonadal supporting cell differentiation in birds from each of the three main clades, Galloanserae (chicken and quail), Neoaves (zebra finch) and Palaeognathe (emu). Our analysis reveals conservation of PAX2(+) expression and a mesenchymal origin of supporting cells in each clade. Moreover, down-regulation of PAX2 expression precisely defines the onset of gonadal sex differentiation in each species. Altogether, these results indicate that gonadal morphogenesis is conserved among the major bird clades.
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spelling pubmed-84298522021-09-11 PAX2(+) Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds Estermann, Martin A. Mariette, Mylene M. Moreau, Julie L. M. Combes, Alexander N. Smith, Craig A. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology During embryonic gonadal development, the supporting cell lineage is the first cell type to differentiate, giving rise to Sertoli cells in the testis and pre-granulosa cells in the ovary. These cells are thought to direct other gonadal cell lineages down the testis or ovarian pathways, including the germline. Recent research has shown that, in contrast to mouse, chicken gonadal supporting cells derive from a PAX2/OSR1/DMRT1/WNT4 positive mesenchymal cell population. These cells colonize the undifferentiated genital ridge during early gonadogenesis, around the time that germ cells migrate into the gonad. During the process of somatic gonadal sex differentiation, PAX2 expression is down-regulated in embryonic chicken gonads just prior to up-regulation of testis- and ovary-specific markers and prior to germ cell differentiation. Most research on avian gonadal development has focused on the chicken model, and related species from the Galloanserae clade. There is a lack of knowledge on gonadal sex differentiation in other avian lineages. Comparative analysis in birds is required to fully understand the mechanisms of avian sex determination and gonadal differentiation. Here we report the first comparative molecular characterization of gonadal supporting cell differentiation in birds from each of the three main clades, Galloanserae (chicken and quail), Neoaves (zebra finch) and Palaeognathe (emu). Our analysis reveals conservation of PAX2(+) expression and a mesenchymal origin of supporting cells in each clade. Moreover, down-regulation of PAX2 expression precisely defines the onset of gonadal sex differentiation in each species. Altogether, these results indicate that gonadal morphogenesis is conserved among the major bird clades. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8429852/ /pubmed/34513849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.735203 Text en Copyright © 2021 Estermann, Mariette, Moreau, Combes and Smith. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Estermann, Martin A.
Mariette, Mylene M.
Moreau, Julie L. M.
Combes, Alexander N.
Smith, Craig A.
PAX2(+) Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds
title PAX2(+) Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds
title_full PAX2(+) Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds
title_fullStr PAX2(+) Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds
title_full_unstemmed PAX2(+) Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds
title_short PAX2(+) Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds
title_sort pax2(+) mesenchymal origin of gonadal supporting cells is conserved in birds
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8429852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.735203
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