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COVID-19 hospitalizations in five California hospitals: a retrospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus pandemic has had a differential impact on communities of color across the US. The University of California hospital system serves a large population of people who are often underrepresented elsewhere. Data from hospital stays can provide much-needed localized inform...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8429886/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34507546 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06640-4 |
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author | Nuño, Miriam García, Yury Rajasekar, Ganesh Pinheiro, Diego Schmidt, Alec J. |
author_facet | Nuño, Miriam García, Yury Rajasekar, Ganesh Pinheiro, Diego Schmidt, Alec J. |
author_sort | Nuño, Miriam |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus pandemic has had a differential impact on communities of color across the US. The University of California hospital system serves a large population of people who are often underrepresented elsewhere. Data from hospital stays can provide much-needed localized information on risk factors for severe cases and/or death. METHODS: Patient-level retrospective case series of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospital admissions at five UC hospitals (N = 4730). Odds ratios of ICU admission, death, and a composite of both outcomes were calculated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression based on patient characteristics, including sex, race/ethnicity, and select comorbidities. Associations between comorbidities were quantified and visualized with a correlation network. RESULTS: Overall mortality rate was 7.0% (329/4,730). ICU mortality rate was 18.8% (225/1,194). The rate of the composite outcome (ICU admission and/or death) was 27.4% (1298/4730). Comorbidity-controlled odds of a composite outcome were increased for age 75–84 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.11–1.93) and 85–59 (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.87) compared to 18–34 year-olds, males (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.59) vs. females, and patients identifying as Hispanic/Latino (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14–1.61) or Asian (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23–1.82) compared to White. Patients with 5 or more comorbidities were exceedingly likely to experience a composite outcome (OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.32–3.25). CONCLUSIONS: Males, older patients, those with multiple pre-existing comorbidities, and those identifying as Hispanic/Latino or Asian experienced an increased risk of ICU admission and/or death. These results are consistent with reported risks among the Hispanic/Latino population elsewhere in the United States, and confirm multiple concerns about heightened risk among the Asian population in California. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06640-4. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8429886 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84298862021-09-10 COVID-19 hospitalizations in five California hospitals: a retrospective cohort study Nuño, Miriam García, Yury Rajasekar, Ganesh Pinheiro, Diego Schmidt, Alec J. BMC Infect Dis Research BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus pandemic has had a differential impact on communities of color across the US. The University of California hospital system serves a large population of people who are often underrepresented elsewhere. Data from hospital stays can provide much-needed localized information on risk factors for severe cases and/or death. METHODS: Patient-level retrospective case series of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospital admissions at five UC hospitals (N = 4730). Odds ratios of ICU admission, death, and a composite of both outcomes were calculated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression based on patient characteristics, including sex, race/ethnicity, and select comorbidities. Associations between comorbidities were quantified and visualized with a correlation network. RESULTS: Overall mortality rate was 7.0% (329/4,730). ICU mortality rate was 18.8% (225/1,194). The rate of the composite outcome (ICU admission and/or death) was 27.4% (1298/4730). Comorbidity-controlled odds of a composite outcome were increased for age 75–84 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.11–1.93) and 85–59 (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.87) compared to 18–34 year-olds, males (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.59) vs. females, and patients identifying as Hispanic/Latino (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14–1.61) or Asian (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23–1.82) compared to White. Patients with 5 or more comorbidities were exceedingly likely to experience a composite outcome (OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.32–3.25). CONCLUSIONS: Males, older patients, those with multiple pre-existing comorbidities, and those identifying as Hispanic/Latino or Asian experienced an increased risk of ICU admission and/or death. These results are consistent with reported risks among the Hispanic/Latino population elsewhere in the United States, and confirm multiple concerns about heightened risk among the Asian population in California. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06640-4. BioMed Central 2021-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8429886/ /pubmed/34507546 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06640-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Nuño, Miriam García, Yury Rajasekar, Ganesh Pinheiro, Diego Schmidt, Alec J. COVID-19 hospitalizations in five California hospitals: a retrospective cohort study |
title | COVID-19 hospitalizations in five California hospitals: a retrospective cohort study |
title_full | COVID-19 hospitalizations in five California hospitals: a retrospective cohort study |
title_fullStr | COVID-19 hospitalizations in five California hospitals: a retrospective cohort study |
title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 hospitalizations in five California hospitals: a retrospective cohort study |
title_short | COVID-19 hospitalizations in five California hospitals: a retrospective cohort study |
title_sort | covid-19 hospitalizations in five california hospitals: a retrospective cohort study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8429886/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34507546 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06640-4 |
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