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The Driving Influence of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on PM(2.5) Concentrations in Africa: New Evidence from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data, 2000–2018

Africa’s PM(2.5) pollution has become a security hazard, but the understanding of the varying effects of urbanization on driven mechanisms of PM(2.5) concentrations under the rapid urbanization remains largely insufficient. Compared with the direct impact, the spillover effect of urbanization on PM(...

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Autores principales: Wei, Guoen, Sun, Pingjun, Jiang, Shengnan, Shen, Yang, Liu, Binglin, Zhang, Zhenke, Ouyang, Xiao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8430555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34501979
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179389
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author Wei, Guoen
Sun, Pingjun
Jiang, Shengnan
Shen, Yang
Liu, Binglin
Zhang, Zhenke
Ouyang, Xiao
author_facet Wei, Guoen
Sun, Pingjun
Jiang, Shengnan
Shen, Yang
Liu, Binglin
Zhang, Zhenke
Ouyang, Xiao
author_sort Wei, Guoen
collection PubMed
description Africa’s PM(2.5) pollution has become a security hazard, but the understanding of the varying effects of urbanization on driven mechanisms of PM(2.5) concentrations under the rapid urbanization remains largely insufficient. Compared with the direct impact, the spillover effect of urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations in adjacent regions was underestimated. Urbanization is highly multi-dimensional phenomenon and previous studies have rarely distinguished the different driving influence and interactions of multi-dimensional urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations in Africa. This study combined grid and administrative units to explore the spatio-temporal change, spatial dependence patterns, and evolution trend of PM(2.5) concentrations and multi-dimensional urbanization in Africa. The differential influence and interaction effects of multi-dimensional urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations under Africa’s rapid urbanization was further analyzed. The results show that the positive spatial dependence of PM(2.5) concentrations gradually increased over the study period 2000–2018. The areas with PM(2.5) concentrations exceeding 35 μg/m(3) increased by 2.2%, and 36.78% of the African continent had an increasing trend in Theil–Sen index. Urbanization was found to be the main driving factor causing PM(2.5) concentrations changes, and economic urbanization had a stronger influence on air quality than land urbanization or population urbanization. Compared with the direct effect, the spillover effect of urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations in two adjacent regions was stronger, particularly in terms of economic urbanization. The spatial distribution of PM(2.5) concentrations resulted from the interaction of multi-dimensional urbanization. The interaction of urbanization of any two different dimensions exhibited a nonlinear enhancement effect on PM(2.5) concentrations. Given the differential impact of multi-dimensional urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations inside and outside the region, this research provides support for the cross-regional joint control strategies of air pollution in Africa. The findings also indicate that PM(2.5) pollution control should not only focus on urban economic development strategies but should be an optimized integration of multiple mitigation strategies, such as improving residents’ lifestyles, optimizing land spatial structure, and upgrading the industrial structure.
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spelling pubmed-84305552021-09-11 The Driving Influence of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on PM(2.5) Concentrations in Africa: New Evidence from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data, 2000–2018 Wei, Guoen Sun, Pingjun Jiang, Shengnan Shen, Yang Liu, Binglin Zhang, Zhenke Ouyang, Xiao Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Africa’s PM(2.5) pollution has become a security hazard, but the understanding of the varying effects of urbanization on driven mechanisms of PM(2.5) concentrations under the rapid urbanization remains largely insufficient. Compared with the direct impact, the spillover effect of urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations in adjacent regions was underestimated. Urbanization is highly multi-dimensional phenomenon and previous studies have rarely distinguished the different driving influence and interactions of multi-dimensional urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations in Africa. This study combined grid and administrative units to explore the spatio-temporal change, spatial dependence patterns, and evolution trend of PM(2.5) concentrations and multi-dimensional urbanization in Africa. The differential influence and interaction effects of multi-dimensional urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations under Africa’s rapid urbanization was further analyzed. The results show that the positive spatial dependence of PM(2.5) concentrations gradually increased over the study period 2000–2018. The areas with PM(2.5) concentrations exceeding 35 μg/m(3) increased by 2.2%, and 36.78% of the African continent had an increasing trend in Theil–Sen index. Urbanization was found to be the main driving factor causing PM(2.5) concentrations changes, and economic urbanization had a stronger influence on air quality than land urbanization or population urbanization. Compared with the direct effect, the spillover effect of urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations in two adjacent regions was stronger, particularly in terms of economic urbanization. The spatial distribution of PM(2.5) concentrations resulted from the interaction of multi-dimensional urbanization. The interaction of urbanization of any two different dimensions exhibited a nonlinear enhancement effect on PM(2.5) concentrations. Given the differential impact of multi-dimensional urbanization on PM(2.5) concentrations inside and outside the region, this research provides support for the cross-regional joint control strategies of air pollution in Africa. The findings also indicate that PM(2.5) pollution control should not only focus on urban economic development strategies but should be an optimized integration of multiple mitigation strategies, such as improving residents’ lifestyles, optimizing land spatial structure, and upgrading the industrial structure. MDPI 2021-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8430555/ /pubmed/34501979 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179389 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wei, Guoen
Sun, Pingjun
Jiang, Shengnan
Shen, Yang
Liu, Binglin
Zhang, Zhenke
Ouyang, Xiao
The Driving Influence of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on PM(2.5) Concentrations in Africa: New Evidence from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data, 2000–2018
title The Driving Influence of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on PM(2.5) Concentrations in Africa: New Evidence from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data, 2000–2018
title_full The Driving Influence of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on PM(2.5) Concentrations in Africa: New Evidence from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data, 2000–2018
title_fullStr The Driving Influence of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on PM(2.5) Concentrations in Africa: New Evidence from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data, 2000–2018
title_full_unstemmed The Driving Influence of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on PM(2.5) Concentrations in Africa: New Evidence from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data, 2000–2018
title_short The Driving Influence of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on PM(2.5) Concentrations in Africa: New Evidence from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data, 2000–2018
title_sort driving influence of multi-dimensional urbanization on pm(2.5) concentrations in africa: new evidence from multi-source remote sensing data, 2000–2018
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8430555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34501979
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179389
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