Cargando…

Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation

The replacement of damaged or degenerated articular cartilage tissue remains a challenge, as this non-vascularized tissue has a very limited self-healing capacity. Therefore, tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage is a promising treatment option. Although significant progress has been made in recent y...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gossla, Elke, Bernhardt, Anne, Tonndorf, Robert, Aibibu, Dilbar, Cherif, Chokri, Gelinsky, Michael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8430627/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34502249
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179341
_version_ 1783750747614085120
author Gossla, Elke
Bernhardt, Anne
Tonndorf, Robert
Aibibu, Dilbar
Cherif, Chokri
Gelinsky, Michael
author_facet Gossla, Elke
Bernhardt, Anne
Tonndorf, Robert
Aibibu, Dilbar
Cherif, Chokri
Gelinsky, Michael
author_sort Gossla, Elke
collection PubMed
description The replacement of damaged or degenerated articular cartilage tissue remains a challenge, as this non-vascularized tissue has a very limited self-healing capacity. Therefore, tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage is a promising treatment option. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, there is still a lack of scaffolds that ensure the formation of functional cartilage tissue while meeting the mechanical requirements for chondrogenic TE. In this article, we report the application of flock technology, a common process in the modern textile industry, to produce flock scaffolds made of chitosan (a biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymer) for chondrogenic TE. By combining an alginate hydrogel with a chitosan flock scaffold (CFS+ALG), a fiber-reinforced hydrogel with anisotropic properties was developed to support chondrogenic differentiation of embedded human chondrocytes. Pure alginate hydrogels (ALG) and pure chitosan flock scaffolds (CFS) were studied as controls. Morphology of primary human chondrocytes analyzed by cLSM and SEM showed a round, chondrogenic phenotype in CFS+ALG and ALG after 21 days of differentiation, whereas chondrocytes on CFS formed spheroids. The compressive strength of CFS+ALG was higher than the compressive strength of ALG and CFS alone. Chondrocytes embedded in CFS+ALG showed gene expression of chondrogenic markers (COL II, COMP, ACAN), the highest collagen II/I ratio, and production of the typical extracellular matrix such as sGAG and collagen II. The combination of alginate hydrogel with chitosan flock scaffolds resulted in a scaffold with anisotropic structure, good mechanical properties, elasticity, and porosity that supported chondrogenic differentiation of inserted human chondrocytes and expression of chondrogenic markers and typical extracellular matrix.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8430627
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-84306272021-09-11 Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation Gossla, Elke Bernhardt, Anne Tonndorf, Robert Aibibu, Dilbar Cherif, Chokri Gelinsky, Michael Int J Mol Sci Article The replacement of damaged or degenerated articular cartilage tissue remains a challenge, as this non-vascularized tissue has a very limited self-healing capacity. Therefore, tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage is a promising treatment option. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, there is still a lack of scaffolds that ensure the formation of functional cartilage tissue while meeting the mechanical requirements for chondrogenic TE. In this article, we report the application of flock technology, a common process in the modern textile industry, to produce flock scaffolds made of chitosan (a biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymer) for chondrogenic TE. By combining an alginate hydrogel with a chitosan flock scaffold (CFS+ALG), a fiber-reinforced hydrogel with anisotropic properties was developed to support chondrogenic differentiation of embedded human chondrocytes. Pure alginate hydrogels (ALG) and pure chitosan flock scaffolds (CFS) were studied as controls. Morphology of primary human chondrocytes analyzed by cLSM and SEM showed a round, chondrogenic phenotype in CFS+ALG and ALG after 21 days of differentiation, whereas chondrocytes on CFS formed spheroids. The compressive strength of CFS+ALG was higher than the compressive strength of ALG and CFS alone. Chondrocytes embedded in CFS+ALG showed gene expression of chondrogenic markers (COL II, COMP, ACAN), the highest collagen II/I ratio, and production of the typical extracellular matrix such as sGAG and collagen II. The combination of alginate hydrogel with chitosan flock scaffolds resulted in a scaffold with anisotropic structure, good mechanical properties, elasticity, and porosity that supported chondrogenic differentiation of inserted human chondrocytes and expression of chondrogenic markers and typical extracellular matrix. MDPI 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8430627/ /pubmed/34502249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179341 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gossla, Elke
Bernhardt, Anne
Tonndorf, Robert
Aibibu, Dilbar
Cherif, Chokri
Gelinsky, Michael
Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation
title Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation
title_full Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation
title_fullStr Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation
title_full_unstemmed Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation
title_short Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation
title_sort anisotropic chitosan scaffolds generated by electrostatic flocking combined with alginate hydrogel support chondrogenic differentiation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8430627/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34502249
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179341
work_keys_str_mv AT gosslaelke anisotropicchitosanscaffoldsgeneratedbyelectrostaticflockingcombinedwithalginatehydrogelsupportchondrogenicdifferentiation
AT bernhardtanne anisotropicchitosanscaffoldsgeneratedbyelectrostaticflockingcombinedwithalginatehydrogelsupportchondrogenicdifferentiation
AT tonndorfrobert anisotropicchitosanscaffoldsgeneratedbyelectrostaticflockingcombinedwithalginatehydrogelsupportchondrogenicdifferentiation
AT aibibudilbar anisotropicchitosanscaffoldsgeneratedbyelectrostaticflockingcombinedwithalginatehydrogelsupportchondrogenicdifferentiation
AT cherifchokri anisotropicchitosanscaffoldsgeneratedbyelectrostaticflockingcombinedwithalginatehydrogelsupportchondrogenicdifferentiation
AT gelinskymichael anisotropicchitosanscaffoldsgeneratedbyelectrostaticflockingcombinedwithalginatehydrogelsupportchondrogenicdifferentiation