Muscimol Directly Activates the TREK-2 Channel Expressed in GABAergic Neurons through Its N-Terminus

The two-pore domain K(+) (K(2P)) channel, which is involved in setting the resting membrane potential in neurons, is an essential target for receptor agonists. Activation of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABA(A)R and GABA(B)R) reduces cellular excitability through Cl(-) influx and K(+) efflux in neurons. Relatively little is known about the link between GABA(A)R and the K(+) channel. The present study was performed to identify the effect of GABAR agonists on K(2P) channel expression and activity in the neuroblastic B35 cells that maintain glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity and express GABA. TASK and TREK/TRAAK mRNA were expressed in B35 cells with a high level of TREK-2 and TRAAK. In addition, TREK/TRAAK proteins were detected in the GABAergic neurons obtained from GABA transgenic mice. Furthermore, TREK-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were markedly upregulated in B35 cells by GABA(A)R and GABA(B)R agonists. In particular, muscimol, a GABA(A)R agonist, significantly increased TREK-2 expression and activity, but the effect was reduced in the presence of the GABA(A)R antagonist bicuculine or TREK-2 inhibitor norfluoxetine. In the whole-cell and single-channel patch configurations, muscimol increased TREK-2 activity, but the muscimol effect disappeared in the N-terminal deletion mutant. These results indicate that muscimol directly induces TREK-2 activation through the N-terminus and suggest that muscimol can reduce cellular excitability by activating the TREK-2 channel and by inducing Cl(-) influx in GABAergic neurons.