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COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Different Face Masks on Self-Perceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks has increased, resulting in potential health-related side-effects. Therefore, the study aimed to analyse the effect of wearing face masks on self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis. A questionnaire addressing the daily wearing time of different face...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8431486/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34501768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179180 |
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author | Kanzow, Philipp Dylla, Viktoria Mahler, Alannah Malina Hrasky, Valentina Rödig, Tina Barre, Felix Scheithauer, Simone Wiegand, Annette |
author_facet | Kanzow, Philipp Dylla, Viktoria Mahler, Alannah Malina Hrasky, Valentina Rödig, Tina Barre, Felix Scheithauer, Simone Wiegand, Annette |
author_sort | Kanzow, Philipp |
collection | PubMed |
description | Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks has increased, resulting in potential health-related side-effects. Therefore, the study aimed to analyse the effect of wearing face masks on self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis. A questionnaire addressing the daily wearing time of different face masks (community masks, surgical/medical masks and KN95-/N95-/FFP2-masks) and self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis was given to adults attending or working at a university hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and multiple linear regression analysis (p < 0.05). 3750 participants (age: 50.4 ± 15.5 years; 60.0% female) were included. During the pandemic, face masks were used for 4.7 ± 3.8 h per day: community masks: 0.9 ± 2.0 h, medical/surgical masks: 1.9 ± 2.8 h and KN95-/N95-/FFP2-masks: 1.9 ± 2.5 h per day. The use of face masks significantly increased self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis (both p < 0.001). Self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis increased with increasing wearing time (community masks: dry mouth: p < 0.001, halitosis: p = 0.014; medical/surgical masks: both: p < 0.001; KN95-/N95-/FFP2-masks: dry mouth: p < 0.001, halitosis: p = 0.011). The perception of dry mouth and halitosis was increased in females compared to males (both: p < 0.001). Participants used to wearing face masks prior to the pandemic perceived dry mouth to a higher extent (p = 0.043). Self-perceived halitosis was lower in older than in younger participants (p < 0.001). Due to the increased perception of dry mouth and halitosis, people might abstain from wearing face masks. Further studies need to analyse measurable changes in dry mouth or halitosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8431486 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84314862021-09-11 COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Different Face Masks on Self-Perceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis Kanzow, Philipp Dylla, Viktoria Mahler, Alannah Malina Hrasky, Valentina Rödig, Tina Barre, Felix Scheithauer, Simone Wiegand, Annette Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks has increased, resulting in potential health-related side-effects. Therefore, the study aimed to analyse the effect of wearing face masks on self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis. A questionnaire addressing the daily wearing time of different face masks (community masks, surgical/medical masks and KN95-/N95-/FFP2-masks) and self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis was given to adults attending or working at a university hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and multiple linear regression analysis (p < 0.05). 3750 participants (age: 50.4 ± 15.5 years; 60.0% female) were included. During the pandemic, face masks were used for 4.7 ± 3.8 h per day: community masks: 0.9 ± 2.0 h, medical/surgical masks: 1.9 ± 2.8 h and KN95-/N95-/FFP2-masks: 1.9 ± 2.5 h per day. The use of face masks significantly increased self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis (both p < 0.001). Self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis increased with increasing wearing time (community masks: dry mouth: p < 0.001, halitosis: p = 0.014; medical/surgical masks: both: p < 0.001; KN95-/N95-/FFP2-masks: dry mouth: p < 0.001, halitosis: p = 0.011). The perception of dry mouth and halitosis was increased in females compared to males (both: p < 0.001). Participants used to wearing face masks prior to the pandemic perceived dry mouth to a higher extent (p = 0.043). Self-perceived halitosis was lower in older than in younger participants (p < 0.001). Due to the increased perception of dry mouth and halitosis, people might abstain from wearing face masks. Further studies need to analyse measurable changes in dry mouth or halitosis. MDPI 2021-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8431486/ /pubmed/34501768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179180 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kanzow, Philipp Dylla, Viktoria Mahler, Alannah Malina Hrasky, Valentina Rödig, Tina Barre, Felix Scheithauer, Simone Wiegand, Annette COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Different Face Masks on Self-Perceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis |
title | COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Different Face Masks on Self-Perceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis |
title_full | COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Different Face Masks on Self-Perceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis |
title_fullStr | COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Different Face Masks on Self-Perceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis |
title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Different Face Masks on Self-Perceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis |
title_short | COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Different Face Masks on Self-Perceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis |
title_sort | covid-19 pandemic: effect of different face masks on self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8431486/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34501768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179180 |
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