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Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site

The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to a low baseline oxygen pressure (pO(2)), characterised by a high rate of metabolites circulating through the intestinal blood and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the epithelial surface. These characteristics require t...

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Autores principales: Konjar, Špela, Pavšič, Miha, Veldhoen, Marc
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8431628/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34502078
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179170
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author Konjar, Špela
Pavšič, Miha
Veldhoen, Marc
author_facet Konjar, Špela
Pavšič, Miha
Veldhoen, Marc
author_sort Konjar, Špela
collection PubMed
description The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to a low baseline oxygen pressure (pO(2)), characterised by a high rate of metabolites circulating through the intestinal blood and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the epithelial surface. These characteristics require tight regulation of oxygen homeostasis, achieved in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signalling. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) possess metabolic identities that are reflected in changes in mitochondrial function. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that oxygen metabolism is key to homeostasis at the mucosae. In addition, the gut has a vast and diverse microbial population, the microbiota. Microbiome–gut communication represents a dynamic exchange of mediators produced by bacterial and intestinal metabolism. The microbiome contributes to the maintenance of the hypoxic environment, which is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and/or adaptive immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we focus on oxygen homeostasis at the epithelial barrier site, how it is regulated by hypoxia and the microbiome, and how oxygen homeostasis at the epithelium is regulated in health and disease.
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spelling pubmed-84316282021-09-11 Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site Konjar, Špela Pavšič, Miha Veldhoen, Marc Int J Mol Sci Review The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to a low baseline oxygen pressure (pO(2)), characterised by a high rate of metabolites circulating through the intestinal blood and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the epithelial surface. These characteristics require tight regulation of oxygen homeostasis, achieved in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signalling. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) possess metabolic identities that are reflected in changes in mitochondrial function. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that oxygen metabolism is key to homeostasis at the mucosae. In addition, the gut has a vast and diverse microbial population, the microbiota. Microbiome–gut communication represents a dynamic exchange of mediators produced by bacterial and intestinal metabolism. The microbiome contributes to the maintenance of the hypoxic environment, which is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and/or adaptive immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we focus on oxygen homeostasis at the epithelial barrier site, how it is regulated by hypoxia and the microbiome, and how oxygen homeostasis at the epithelium is regulated in health and disease. MDPI 2021-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8431628/ /pubmed/34502078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179170 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Konjar, Špela
Pavšič, Miha
Veldhoen, Marc
Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site
title Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site
title_full Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site
title_fullStr Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site
title_full_unstemmed Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site
title_short Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site
title_sort regulation of oxygen homeostasis at the intestinal epithelial barrier site
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8431628/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34502078
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179170
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