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Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in most cases, detection is usually late and treatment resistance is frequent. For that reason, it is necessary to find biomarkers that could improve the diagnosis and disease management. Exosomes are a type of micr...

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Autores principales: Sandúa, Amaia, Alegre, Estibaliz, González, Álvaro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8431734/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34503141
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174330
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author Sandúa, Amaia
Alegre, Estibaliz
González, Álvaro
author_facet Sandúa, Amaia
Alegre, Estibaliz
González, Álvaro
author_sort Sandúa, Amaia
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in most cases, detection is usually late and treatment resistance is frequent. For that reason, it is necessary to find biomarkers that could improve the diagnosis and disease management. Exosomes are a type of microvesicles secreted by tumor cells to the medium, with important functions in tumor development. Their analysis can be of utility in diagnosis, including early diagnosis, prognosis, treatment election or follow-up. However, isolation and analysis are cumbersome and can affect the subsequent data information. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in the role of exosomes in lung cancer and their utility as liquid biopsy, with special attention to isolating methods. ABSTRACT: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in most cases, diagnosis is reached when the tumor has already spread and prognosis is quite poor. For that reason, the research for new biomarkers that could improve early diagnosis and its management is essential. Exosomes are microvesicles actively secreted by cells, especially by tumor cells, hauling molecules that mimic molecules of the producing cells. There are multiple methods for exosome isolation and analysis, although not standardized, and cancer exosomes from biological fluids are especially difficult to study. Exosomes’ cargo proteins, RNA, and DNA participate in the communication between cells, favoring lung cancer development by delivering signals for growth, metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and even drug resistance. Exosome analysis can be useful as a type of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the role of exosomes in lung cancer and their utility as liquid biopsy, with special attention to isolating methods.
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spelling pubmed-84317342021-09-11 Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development Sandúa, Amaia Alegre, Estibaliz González, Álvaro Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in most cases, detection is usually late and treatment resistance is frequent. For that reason, it is necessary to find biomarkers that could improve the diagnosis and disease management. Exosomes are a type of microvesicles secreted by tumor cells to the medium, with important functions in tumor development. Their analysis can be of utility in diagnosis, including early diagnosis, prognosis, treatment election or follow-up. However, isolation and analysis are cumbersome and can affect the subsequent data information. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in the role of exosomes in lung cancer and their utility as liquid biopsy, with special attention to isolating methods. ABSTRACT: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in most cases, diagnosis is reached when the tumor has already spread and prognosis is quite poor. For that reason, the research for new biomarkers that could improve early diagnosis and its management is essential. Exosomes are microvesicles actively secreted by cells, especially by tumor cells, hauling molecules that mimic molecules of the producing cells. There are multiple methods for exosome isolation and analysis, although not standardized, and cancer exosomes from biological fluids are especially difficult to study. Exosomes’ cargo proteins, RNA, and DNA participate in the communication between cells, favoring lung cancer development by delivering signals for growth, metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and even drug resistance. Exosome analysis can be useful as a type of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the role of exosomes in lung cancer and their utility as liquid biopsy, with special attention to isolating methods. MDPI 2021-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8431734/ /pubmed/34503141 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174330 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sandúa, Amaia
Alegre, Estibaliz
González, Álvaro
Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development
title Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development
title_full Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development
title_fullStr Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development
title_full_unstemmed Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development
title_short Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development
title_sort exosomes in lung cancer: actors and heralds of tumor development
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8431734/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34503141
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174330
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