Managing Endocrine Disorders in Adults After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become a potentially curative therapy for an increasing number of malignant and non-malignant conditions. As survival rates continue to improve, the focus of patient care has shifted from managing not only immediate but also long-term complications. Endocrine disorders are among the most prevalent late effects following HSCT. Detecting and treating such conditions offer new challenges, as well as opportunities to reduce preventable morbidity and mortality associated with HSCT. Our objective is to summarize recent literature and describe practical approaches to screening for and managing endocrine-related late effects. We focus on dyslipidemia, diabetes, thyroid disorders, osteoporosis, and hypogonadism. Mechanisms, monitoring, and management recommendations for each disorder are outlined. Growing data on these disorders in the post-transplant setting highlight the need for future study and evidence-based guidelines.