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Impact of Polyethylene Glycol Functionalization of Graphene Oxide on Anticoagulation and Haemolytic Properties of Human Blood
Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most explored nanomaterials in recent years. It has numerous biomedical applications as a nanomaterial including drug and gene delivery, contrast imaging, cancer treatment, etc. Since most of these applications need intravenous administration of graphene oxide and d...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8432731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34500942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174853 |
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author | Kamenska, Trayana Abrashev, Miroslav Georgieva, Milena Krasteva, Natalia |
author_facet | Kamenska, Trayana Abrashev, Miroslav Georgieva, Milena Krasteva, Natalia |
author_sort | Kamenska, Trayana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most explored nanomaterials in recent years. It has numerous biomedical applications as a nanomaterial including drug and gene delivery, contrast imaging, cancer treatment, etc. Since most of these applications need intravenous administration of graphene oxide and derivatives, the evaluation of their haemocompatibility is an essential preliminary step for any of the developed GO applications. Plentiful data show that functionalization of graphene oxide nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) increases biocompatibility, thus allowing PEGylated GO to elicit less dramatic blood cell responses than their pristine counterparts. Therefore, in this work, we PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles and evaluated the effects of their PEGylation on the structure and function of human blood components, especially on the morphology and the haemolytic potential of red blood cells (RBCs). Further, we studied the effect of PEGylation on some blood coagulation factors, including plasma fibrinogen as well as on the activated partial thromboplastin (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and platelet aggregation. Our findings provide important information on the mechanisms through which PEGylation increases GO compatibility with human blood cells. These data are crucial for the molecular design and biomedical applications of PEGylated graphene oxide nanomaterials in the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8432731 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84327312021-09-11 Impact of Polyethylene Glycol Functionalization of Graphene Oxide on Anticoagulation and Haemolytic Properties of Human Blood Kamenska, Trayana Abrashev, Miroslav Georgieva, Milena Krasteva, Natalia Materials (Basel) Article Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most explored nanomaterials in recent years. It has numerous biomedical applications as a nanomaterial including drug and gene delivery, contrast imaging, cancer treatment, etc. Since most of these applications need intravenous administration of graphene oxide and derivatives, the evaluation of their haemocompatibility is an essential preliminary step for any of the developed GO applications. Plentiful data show that functionalization of graphene oxide nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) increases biocompatibility, thus allowing PEGylated GO to elicit less dramatic blood cell responses than their pristine counterparts. Therefore, in this work, we PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles and evaluated the effects of their PEGylation on the structure and function of human blood components, especially on the morphology and the haemolytic potential of red blood cells (RBCs). Further, we studied the effect of PEGylation on some blood coagulation factors, including plasma fibrinogen as well as on the activated partial thromboplastin (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and platelet aggregation. Our findings provide important information on the mechanisms through which PEGylation increases GO compatibility with human blood cells. These data are crucial for the molecular design and biomedical applications of PEGylated graphene oxide nanomaterials in the future. MDPI 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8432731/ /pubmed/34500942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174853 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kamenska, Trayana Abrashev, Miroslav Georgieva, Milena Krasteva, Natalia Impact of Polyethylene Glycol Functionalization of Graphene Oxide on Anticoagulation and Haemolytic Properties of Human Blood |
title | Impact of Polyethylene Glycol Functionalization of Graphene Oxide on Anticoagulation and Haemolytic Properties of Human Blood |
title_full | Impact of Polyethylene Glycol Functionalization of Graphene Oxide on Anticoagulation and Haemolytic Properties of Human Blood |
title_fullStr | Impact of Polyethylene Glycol Functionalization of Graphene Oxide on Anticoagulation and Haemolytic Properties of Human Blood |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Polyethylene Glycol Functionalization of Graphene Oxide on Anticoagulation and Haemolytic Properties of Human Blood |
title_short | Impact of Polyethylene Glycol Functionalization of Graphene Oxide on Anticoagulation and Haemolytic Properties of Human Blood |
title_sort | impact of polyethylene glycol functionalization of graphene oxide on anticoagulation and haemolytic properties of human blood |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8432731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34500942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174853 |
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