Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine at Fe(3)O(4)/SPEEK Modified Electrode

Reported here is the design of an electrochemical sensor for dopamine (DA) based on a screen print carbon electrode modified with a sulphonated polyether ether ketone-iron (III) oxide composite (SPCE-Fe(3)O(4)/SPEEK). L. serica leaf extract was used in the synthesis of iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)NPs). Successful synthesis of Fe(3)O(4)NP was confirmed through characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible light (UV–VIS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of Fe(3)O(4)/SPEEK in 0.1 M of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) containing 5 mM of potassium ferricyanide (III) solution (K(3)[Fe(CN)(6)]). An increase in peak current was observed at the nanocomposite modified electrode SPCE-Fe(3)O(4)/SPEEK) but not SPCE and SPCE-Fe(3)O(4), which could be ascribed to the presence of SPEEK. CV and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were employed in the electroxidation of dopamine (0.1 mM DA). The detection limit (LoD) of 7.1 μM and 0.005 μA/μM sensitivity was obtained for DA at the SPCE-Fe(3)O(4)/SPEEK electrode with concentrations ranging from 5–50 μM. LOD competes well with other electrodes reported in the literature. The developed sensor demonstrated good practical applicability for DA in a DA injection with good resultant recovery percentages and RSDs values.