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Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types

Dromedary camels are outstanding livestock that developed efficient abilities to tolerate desert conditions. Many dromedary camel-types (i.e., named populations) exist but lack defined specific breed standards, registries, and breeders’ governing organizations. The breed status of dromedary camel-ty...

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Autores principales: Alaqeely, Randa, Alhajeri, Bader H., Almathen, Faisal, Alhaddad, Hasan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8435798/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34527024
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.723964
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author Alaqeely, Randa
Alhajeri, Bader H.
Almathen, Faisal
Alhaddad, Hasan
author_facet Alaqeely, Randa
Alhajeri, Bader H.
Almathen, Faisal
Alhaddad, Hasan
author_sort Alaqeely, Randa
collection PubMed
description Dromedary camels are outstanding livestock that developed efficient abilities to tolerate desert conditions. Many dromedary camel-types (i.e., named populations) exist but lack defined specific breed standards, registries, and breeders’ governing organizations. The breed status of dromedary camel-types can partly be assessed by exploring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the breed status and the inter-population relationships of dromedary camel-types by analyzing sequence variation in the mtDNA control region and in three coding genes [cytochrome b, threonine, and proline tRNA, and part of the displacement loop (D-loop)] (867 bp region). Tail hair samples (n = 119) that represent six camel-types from Kuwait were collected, extracted, sequenced, and compared to other publicly available sequences (n = 853). Within the sequenced mitochondrial region, 48 polymorphic sites were identified that contributed to 82 unique haplotypes across 37 camel-types. Haplotype names and identities were updated to avoid previous discrepancies. When all sequences were combined (n = 972), a nucleotide diversity of 0.0026 and a haplotype diversity of 0.725 was observed across the dromedary-types. Two major haplogroups (A and B) were identified and the B1 haplotype was predominant and found in almost all dromedary-types whereas the A haplotypes were more abundant in African regions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed an increased similarity among Arabian Peninsula “Mezayen” camel-types, despite their defining coat colors. The relationships among dromedary camel-types can partly be explained by mtDNA. Future work aimed at a deeper understanding of camel-type breed status should focus on a high number of nuclear markers.
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spelling pubmed-84357982021-09-14 Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types Alaqeely, Randa Alhajeri, Bader H. Almathen, Faisal Alhaddad, Hasan Front Genet Genetics Dromedary camels are outstanding livestock that developed efficient abilities to tolerate desert conditions. Many dromedary camel-types (i.e., named populations) exist but lack defined specific breed standards, registries, and breeders’ governing organizations. The breed status of dromedary camel-types can partly be assessed by exploring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the breed status and the inter-population relationships of dromedary camel-types by analyzing sequence variation in the mtDNA control region and in three coding genes [cytochrome b, threonine, and proline tRNA, and part of the displacement loop (D-loop)] (867 bp region). Tail hair samples (n = 119) that represent six camel-types from Kuwait were collected, extracted, sequenced, and compared to other publicly available sequences (n = 853). Within the sequenced mitochondrial region, 48 polymorphic sites were identified that contributed to 82 unique haplotypes across 37 camel-types. Haplotype names and identities were updated to avoid previous discrepancies. When all sequences were combined (n = 972), a nucleotide diversity of 0.0026 and a haplotype diversity of 0.725 was observed across the dromedary-types. Two major haplogroups (A and B) were identified and the B1 haplotype was predominant and found in almost all dromedary-types whereas the A haplotypes were more abundant in African regions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed an increased similarity among Arabian Peninsula “Mezayen” camel-types, despite their defining coat colors. The relationships among dromedary camel-types can partly be explained by mtDNA. Future work aimed at a deeper understanding of camel-type breed status should focus on a high number of nuclear markers. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8435798/ /pubmed/34527024 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.723964 Text en Copyright © 2021 Alaqeely, Alhajeri, Almathen and Alhaddad. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Alaqeely, Randa
Alhajeri, Bader H.
Almathen, Faisal
Alhaddad, Hasan
Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types
title Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types
title_full Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types
title_fullStr Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types
title_full_unstemmed Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types
title_short Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types
title_sort mitochondrial sequence variation, haplotype diversity, and relationships among dromedary camel-types
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8435798/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34527024
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.723964
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