Temporomandibular joint disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to draw the attention of patients, doctors and therapists to the importance of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was conducted at the National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation in Warsaw. The study involved 60 subjects. The test group consists of 30 patients with diagnosed RA. The control group (n = 30) consisted of healthy participants of similar age. The study analyzed the occurrence of problems in TMJ joints, acoustic phenomena and the level of pain. Masseter muscle development, range of abduction motion and pain during palpation of soft tissues were assessed on the basis of the joint pain map of Prof. Mariano Rocabado. RESULTS: In the RA group, more than half (56.7%) had problems with the TMJ, 70% of them had masseter hypertrophy and clicks in the TMJ, and 46.7% had tinnitus (in the control group: 10%, 30%, and 30%, respectively). Patients also had a limited range of abduction movement in the TMJ (38.0 ±6.1 mm). Analysis of the pain map of Prof. Mariano Rocabado in RA patients indicates a significantly greater number of pain structures. In the control group no pain was observed in structures such as the posterosuperior synovial and bilaminar zone, posterior ligament, or retrodiscal area. CONCLUSIONS: Temporomandibular joint problems in RA patients were more serious than in the control group and these differences were statistically significant for most tests. The awareness of the problem with the TMJ in RA patients is very low; participants of our study were 100% unaware that the function of the TMJ could be improved. Additionally, there are no guidelines for the treatment and rehabilitation of these joints.