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Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India

Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic infection, to mild illness, to severe disease with recovery or fatal outcome. Immune correlates of protection are not yet clear. To understand the association between presence and titers of neutraliz...

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Autores principales: Shrivastava, Shubham, Palkar, Sonali, Shah, Jignesh, Rane, Prajakta, Lalwani, Sanjay, Mishra, Akhilesh Chandra, Arankalle, Vidya A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8437163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34138748
http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0014
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author Shrivastava, Shubham
Palkar, Sonali
Shah, Jignesh
Rane, Prajakta
Lalwani, Sanjay
Mishra, Akhilesh Chandra
Arankalle, Vidya A.
author_facet Shrivastava, Shubham
Palkar, Sonali
Shah, Jignesh
Rane, Prajakta
Lalwani, Sanjay
Mishra, Akhilesh Chandra
Arankalle, Vidya A.
author_sort Shrivastava, Shubham
collection PubMed
description Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic infection, to mild illness, to severe disease with recovery or fatal outcome. Immune correlates of protection are not yet clear. To understand the association between presence and titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) with recovery, we screened 82 COVID-19 patients classified in mild (n = 56) and severe (n = 26) disease groups on different days post onset of disease and 27 viral RNA–positive asymptomatic contacts examined within 1 week of the identification of index cases. Of 26 patients with severe disease, six died and 20 recovered. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAb levels in plasma and serum were measured using a plaque reduction neutralization test with live virus. The proportion of asymptomatic and symptomatic infections was 1:7.8 in males and 1:1 in females, with males predominating the severe disease group (21/26, 80.7%). At the time of presentation, NAb positivity and titers were comparable among groups with asymptomatic and mild infections. Notably, patients with severe disease exhibited higher NAb seropositivity and titers (25 of 26, 96.2%; 866 ± 188) than those in the mild category (39 of 56, 69.6%; 199 ± 50, P < 0.0001) and asymptomatic individuals (21 of 27, 77.8%; 124 ± 28, P = 0.0002). Within first 2 weeks of onset, NAb titers were significantly higher among patients with severe disease than those with mild presentation. Our data suggest that irrespective of fatal outcome, progression to disease severity was associated with induction of early and high levels of NAb. In our patient series, clinical disease, severity and fatality were predominantly seen in males. The role of NAbs in immunopathogenesis or protection needs to be defined.
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spelling pubmed-84371632021-09-17 Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India Shrivastava, Shubham Palkar, Sonali Shah, Jignesh Rane, Prajakta Lalwani, Sanjay Mishra, Akhilesh Chandra Arankalle, Vidya A. Am J Trop Med Hyg Article Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic infection, to mild illness, to severe disease with recovery or fatal outcome. Immune correlates of protection are not yet clear. To understand the association between presence and titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) with recovery, we screened 82 COVID-19 patients classified in mild (n = 56) and severe (n = 26) disease groups on different days post onset of disease and 27 viral RNA–positive asymptomatic contacts examined within 1 week of the identification of index cases. Of 26 patients with severe disease, six died and 20 recovered. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAb levels in plasma and serum were measured using a plaque reduction neutralization test with live virus. The proportion of asymptomatic and symptomatic infections was 1:7.8 in males and 1:1 in females, with males predominating the severe disease group (21/26, 80.7%). At the time of presentation, NAb positivity and titers were comparable among groups with asymptomatic and mild infections. Notably, patients with severe disease exhibited higher NAb seropositivity and titers (25 of 26, 96.2%; 866 ± 188) than those in the mild category (39 of 56, 69.6%; 199 ± 50, P < 0.0001) and asymptomatic individuals (21 of 27, 77.8%; 124 ± 28, P = 0.0002). Within first 2 weeks of onset, NAb titers were significantly higher among patients with severe disease than those with mild presentation. Our data suggest that irrespective of fatal outcome, progression to disease severity was associated with induction of early and high levels of NAb. In our patient series, clinical disease, severity and fatality were predominantly seen in males. The role of NAbs in immunopathogenesis or protection needs to be defined. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2021-08 2021-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8437163/ /pubmed/34138748 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0014 Text en © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Article
Shrivastava, Shubham
Palkar, Sonali
Shah, Jignesh
Rane, Prajakta
Lalwani, Sanjay
Mishra, Akhilesh Chandra
Arankalle, Vidya A.
Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India
title Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India
title_full Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India
title_fullStr Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India
title_full_unstemmed Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India
title_short Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India
title_sort early and high sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibodies are associated with severity in covid-19 patients from india
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8437163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34138748
http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0014
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