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Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over central east India: sources and carcinogenic risk assessment

Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of significant interest owing to their high potential health effects, including mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. We report 16 PAHs measured in ambient PM(2.5) from June 2018 to May 2019 over three different sites located in central east India....

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Autores principales: Ambade, Balram, Kumar, Amit, Kumar, Ashwini, Sahu, Lokesh K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Netherlands 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8437740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34539931
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01089-5
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author Ambade, Balram
Kumar, Amit
Kumar, Ashwini
Sahu, Lokesh K.
author_facet Ambade, Balram
Kumar, Amit
Kumar, Ashwini
Sahu, Lokesh K.
author_sort Ambade, Balram
collection PubMed
description Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of significant interest owing to their high potential health effects, including mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. We report 16 PAHs measured in ambient PM(2.5) from June 2018 to May 2019 over three different sites located in central east India. The annual average PM(2.5) mass concentrations of 97.3 ± 18.1 µg m(−3), 101.9 ± 19.4 µg m(−3), and 93.9 ± 20.3 µg m(−3) were measured at RCI (Ranchi), GHY (Gamharia), and BKR (Bokaro), respectively. The mass concentrations at all sampling sites are relatively higher than the annual average concentration of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Total annual PAH concentrations (ng m(−3)) are found to be comparable at BKR (797.9 ± 39.1 ng m(−3)) and RCI (887.7 ± 38.8 ng m(−3)); however, a relatively higher average is observed over GHY (1015.1 ± 42.7 ng m(−3)). Using PAH diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA), their major sources were attributed to coal and wood combustion as well as vehicular emission of diesel and gasoline at all sampling sites. Significant seasonal variability is observed for PAH composition and mainly attributed to change in emission sources. Summer and winter compositions were found to be impacted by the transport from Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). However, ambient level PAHs during the post-monsoon season were impacted by mixed sources from Indo-Gangetic Plain and eastern India. These observations are supported by the analysis of back-trajectory and fire count data. The excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) values estimated for the study sites are within acceptable limits suggesting acceptable risk levels at BKR, GHY, and RCI. This study highlights the significance of ambient aerosol concentration for health risks in the pre-COVID-19 scenario. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text]
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spelling pubmed-84377402021-09-14 Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over central east India: sources and carcinogenic risk assessment Ambade, Balram Kumar, Amit Kumar, Ashwini Sahu, Lokesh K. Air Qual Atmos Health Article Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of significant interest owing to their high potential health effects, including mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. We report 16 PAHs measured in ambient PM(2.5) from June 2018 to May 2019 over three different sites located in central east India. The annual average PM(2.5) mass concentrations of 97.3 ± 18.1 µg m(−3), 101.9 ± 19.4 µg m(−3), and 93.9 ± 20.3 µg m(−3) were measured at RCI (Ranchi), GHY (Gamharia), and BKR (Bokaro), respectively. The mass concentrations at all sampling sites are relatively higher than the annual average concentration of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Total annual PAH concentrations (ng m(−3)) are found to be comparable at BKR (797.9 ± 39.1 ng m(−3)) and RCI (887.7 ± 38.8 ng m(−3)); however, a relatively higher average is observed over GHY (1015.1 ± 42.7 ng m(−3)). Using PAH diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA), their major sources were attributed to coal and wood combustion as well as vehicular emission of diesel and gasoline at all sampling sites. Significant seasonal variability is observed for PAH composition and mainly attributed to change in emission sources. Summer and winter compositions were found to be impacted by the transport from Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). However, ambient level PAHs during the post-monsoon season were impacted by mixed sources from Indo-Gangetic Plain and eastern India. These observations are supported by the analysis of back-trajectory and fire count data. The excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) values estimated for the study sites are within acceptable limits suggesting acceptable risk levels at BKR, GHY, and RCI. This study highlights the significance of ambient aerosol concentration for health risks in the pre-COVID-19 scenario. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] Springer Netherlands 2021-09-14 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8437740/ /pubmed/34539931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01089-5 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Article
Ambade, Balram
Kumar, Amit
Kumar, Ashwini
Sahu, Lokesh K.
Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over central east India: sources and carcinogenic risk assessment
title Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over central east India: sources and carcinogenic risk assessment
title_full Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over central east India: sources and carcinogenic risk assessment
title_fullStr Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over central east India: sources and carcinogenic risk assessment
title_full_unstemmed Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over central east India: sources and carcinogenic risk assessment
title_short Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over central east India: sources and carcinogenic risk assessment
title_sort temporal variability of atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) over central east india: sources and carcinogenic risk assessment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8437740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34539931
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01089-5
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