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Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness about sex-specific differences in immunity and outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong evidence of a male bias in COVID-19 disease severity is hypothesized to be mediated by sex differential immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. This hypot...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8438138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34531867 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.720952 |
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author | Jacobsen, Henning Klein, Sabra L. |
author_facet | Jacobsen, Henning Klein, Sabra L. |
author_sort | Jacobsen, Henning |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness about sex-specific differences in immunity and outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong evidence of a male bias in COVID-19 disease severity is hypothesized to be mediated by sex differential immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis is based on data from other viral infections, including influenza viruses, HIV, hepatitis viruses, and others that have demonstrated sex-specific immunity to viral infections. Although males are more susceptible to most viral infections, females possess immunological features that render them more vulnerable to distinct immune-related disease outcomes. Both sex chromosome complement and related genes as well as sex steroids play important roles in mediating the development of sex differences in immunity to viral infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8438138 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84381382021-09-15 Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections Jacobsen, Henning Klein, Sabra L. Front Immunol Immunology The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness about sex-specific differences in immunity and outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong evidence of a male bias in COVID-19 disease severity is hypothesized to be mediated by sex differential immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis is based on data from other viral infections, including influenza viruses, HIV, hepatitis viruses, and others that have demonstrated sex-specific immunity to viral infections. Although males are more susceptible to most viral infections, females possess immunological features that render them more vulnerable to distinct immune-related disease outcomes. Both sex chromosome complement and related genes as well as sex steroids play important roles in mediating the development of sex differences in immunity to viral infections. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8438138/ /pubmed/34531867 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.720952 Text en Copyright © 2021 Jacobsen and Klein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Jacobsen, Henning Klein, Sabra L. Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections |
title | Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections |
title_full | Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections |
title_fullStr | Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections |
title_short | Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections |
title_sort | sex differences in immunity to viral infections |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8438138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34531867 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.720952 |
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