Cargando…
The Role of rDNA Clusters in Global Epigenetic Gene Regulation
The regulation of gene expression has been studied for decades, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. As well as local and distant regulation, there are specific mechanisms of regulation during development and physiological modulation of gene activity in differentiated cells....
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8438155/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34531902 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.730633 |
_version_ | 1783752308658536448 |
---|---|
author | Tchurikov, Nickolai A. Kravatsky, Yuri V. |
author_facet | Tchurikov, Nickolai A. Kravatsky, Yuri V. |
author_sort | Tchurikov, Nickolai A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The regulation of gene expression has been studied for decades, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. As well as local and distant regulation, there are specific mechanisms of regulation during development and physiological modulation of gene activity in differentiated cells. Current research strongly supports a role for the 3D chromosomal structure in the regulation of gene expression. However, it is not known whether the genome structure reflects the formation of active or repressed chromosomal domains or if these structures play a primary role in the regulation of gene expression. During early development, heterochromatinization of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is coupled with silencing or activation of the expression of different sets of genes. Although the mechanisms behind this type of regulation are not known, rDNA clusters shape frequent inter-chromosomal contacts with a large group of genes controlling development. This review aims to shed light on the involvement of clusters of ribosomal genes in the global regulation of gene expression. We also discuss the possible role of RNA-mediated and phase-separation mechanisms in the global regulation of gene expression by nucleoli. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8438155 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84381552021-09-15 The Role of rDNA Clusters in Global Epigenetic Gene Regulation Tchurikov, Nickolai A. Kravatsky, Yuri V. Front Genet Genetics The regulation of gene expression has been studied for decades, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. As well as local and distant regulation, there are specific mechanisms of regulation during development and physiological modulation of gene activity in differentiated cells. Current research strongly supports a role for the 3D chromosomal structure in the regulation of gene expression. However, it is not known whether the genome structure reflects the formation of active or repressed chromosomal domains or if these structures play a primary role in the regulation of gene expression. During early development, heterochromatinization of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is coupled with silencing or activation of the expression of different sets of genes. Although the mechanisms behind this type of regulation are not known, rDNA clusters shape frequent inter-chromosomal contacts with a large group of genes controlling development. This review aims to shed light on the involvement of clusters of ribosomal genes in the global regulation of gene expression. We also discuss the possible role of RNA-mediated and phase-separation mechanisms in the global regulation of gene expression by nucleoli. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8438155/ /pubmed/34531902 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.730633 Text en Copyright © 2021 Tchurikov and Kravatsky. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Genetics Tchurikov, Nickolai A. Kravatsky, Yuri V. The Role of rDNA Clusters in Global Epigenetic Gene Regulation |
title | The Role of rDNA Clusters in Global Epigenetic Gene Regulation |
title_full | The Role of rDNA Clusters in Global Epigenetic Gene Regulation |
title_fullStr | The Role of rDNA Clusters in Global Epigenetic Gene Regulation |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of rDNA Clusters in Global Epigenetic Gene Regulation |
title_short | The Role of rDNA Clusters in Global Epigenetic Gene Regulation |
title_sort | role of rdna clusters in global epigenetic gene regulation |
topic | Genetics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8438155/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34531902 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.730633 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT tchurikovnickolaia theroleofrdnaclustersinglobalepigeneticgeneregulation AT kravatskyyuriv theroleofrdnaclustersinglobalepigeneticgeneregulation AT tchurikovnickolaia roleofrdnaclustersinglobalepigeneticgeneregulation AT kravatskyyuriv roleofrdnaclustersinglobalepigeneticgeneregulation |