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Mathematical analysis and topology of SARS-CoV-2, bonding with cells and unbonding
We consider the structure of the novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in terms of the number of spikes that are critical in bonding with the cells in the host. Bonding formation is considered for selection criteria with and without any treatments. Functional mappings from the discrete space of spikes and...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8438870/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34538930 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2021.125664 |
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author | Srinivasa Rao, Arni S.R. Krantz, Steven G. |
author_facet | Srinivasa Rao, Arni S.R. Krantz, Steven G. |
author_sort | Srinivasa Rao, Arni S.R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | We consider the structure of the novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in terms of the number of spikes that are critical in bonding with the cells in the host. Bonding formation is considered for selection criteria with and without any treatments. Functional mappings from the discrete space of spikes and cells and their analysis are performed. We found that careful mathematical constructions help in understanding the treatment impacts, and the role of vaccines within a host. Smale's famous 2-D horseshoe examples inspired us to create 3-D visualizations and understand the topological diffusion of spikes from one human organ to another organ. The pharma industry will benefit from such an analysis for designing efficient treatment and vaccine strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8438870 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84388702021-09-14 Mathematical analysis and topology of SARS-CoV-2, bonding with cells and unbonding Srinivasa Rao, Arni S.R. Krantz, Steven G. J Math Anal Appl Article We consider the structure of the novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in terms of the number of spikes that are critical in bonding with the cells in the host. Bonding formation is considered for selection criteria with and without any treatments. Functional mappings from the discrete space of spikes and cells and their analysis are performed. We found that careful mathematical constructions help in understanding the treatment impacts, and the role of vaccines within a host. Smale's famous 2-D horseshoe examples inspired us to create 3-D visualizations and understand the topological diffusion of spikes from one human organ to another organ. The pharma industry will benefit from such an analysis for designing efficient treatment and vaccine strategies. Elsevier Inc. 2022-10-15 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8438870/ /pubmed/34538930 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2021.125664 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Srinivasa Rao, Arni S.R. Krantz, Steven G. Mathematical analysis and topology of SARS-CoV-2, bonding with cells and unbonding |
title | Mathematical analysis and topology of SARS-CoV-2, bonding with cells and unbonding |
title_full | Mathematical analysis and topology of SARS-CoV-2, bonding with cells and unbonding |
title_fullStr | Mathematical analysis and topology of SARS-CoV-2, bonding with cells and unbonding |
title_full_unstemmed | Mathematical analysis and topology of SARS-CoV-2, bonding with cells and unbonding |
title_short | Mathematical analysis and topology of SARS-CoV-2, bonding with cells and unbonding |
title_sort | mathematical analysis and topology of sars-cov-2, bonding with cells and unbonding |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8438870/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34538930 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2021.125664 |
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