Leifsonia Species Bacteremia in a Hemodialysis Patient: A Difficult-to-Identify Organism

Leifsonia is an environmental gram-positive rods bacteria. Infections due to Leifsonia are not common. In this report, we present a case of a hemodialysis patient with Leifsonia bacteremia. A 56-year-old lady had been receiving hemodialysis through the femoral line. She presented with nonspecific symptoms. Multiple blood cultures taken from the central line and peripherally grew gram-positive bacilli, which were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as Leifsonia species. This serious infection resolved only after the removal of the central venous catheter (CVC) and treatment with vancomycin for four weeks from the first negative blood culture. Leifsonia species are a rare cause of CVC-associated infections. Leifsonia should be considered in hemodialysis patients with gram-positive rod bacteremia. Leifsonia also has the ability to produce a biofilm. Removal of the line along with antibiotics is necessary to cure the infection.