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The institutional foundations of surf break governance in Atlantic Europe
The sport of surfing is best enjoyed with one rider on one wave, but crowding makes that optimal assignment increasingly hard to attain. This study examines the phenomenon of surf localism, whereby competitors are excluded from waves by intimidation and the threat of violence. An alternative way to...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer US
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8442821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34538970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-021-00929-3 |
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author | Rode, Martin |
author_facet | Rode, Martin |
author_sort | Rode, Martin |
collection | PubMed |
description | The sport of surfing is best enjoyed with one rider on one wave, but crowding makes that optimal assignment increasingly hard to attain. This study examines the phenomenon of surf localism, whereby competitors are excluded from waves by intimidation and the threat of violence. An alternative way to accommodate crowds is contained in the surfer’s code, which sets informal rules and self-enforced regulations to avoid conflict in the water. Both regimes establish property rights over common pool resources with no state intervention, creating a setting wherein users face the question of cooperation or conflict. The disposition to cooperate and follow norms has been shown to vary substantially across different cultures, though. Employing data from over seven hundred surf spots on the European Atlantic coast, this study reports evidence that certain informal cultural norms significantly reduce the probability of violent exclusion, while formal state institutions mostly are irrelevant. The results also indicate that informal norms become more important with greater resource quality and, possibly, with increasing scarcity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8442821 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84428212021-09-15 The institutional foundations of surf break governance in Atlantic Europe Rode, Martin Public Choice Article The sport of surfing is best enjoyed with one rider on one wave, but crowding makes that optimal assignment increasingly hard to attain. This study examines the phenomenon of surf localism, whereby competitors are excluded from waves by intimidation and the threat of violence. An alternative way to accommodate crowds is contained in the surfer’s code, which sets informal rules and self-enforced regulations to avoid conflict in the water. Both regimes establish property rights over common pool resources with no state intervention, creating a setting wherein users face the question of cooperation or conflict. The disposition to cooperate and follow norms has been shown to vary substantially across different cultures, though. Employing data from over seven hundred surf spots on the European Atlantic coast, this study reports evidence that certain informal cultural norms significantly reduce the probability of violent exclusion, while formal state institutions mostly are irrelevant. The results also indicate that informal norms become more important with greater resource quality and, possibly, with increasing scarcity. Springer US 2021-09-15 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8442821/ /pubmed/34538970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-021-00929-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Rode, Martin The institutional foundations of surf break governance in Atlantic Europe |
title | The institutional foundations of surf break governance in Atlantic Europe |
title_full | The institutional foundations of surf break governance in Atlantic Europe |
title_fullStr | The institutional foundations of surf break governance in Atlantic Europe |
title_full_unstemmed | The institutional foundations of surf break governance in Atlantic Europe |
title_short | The institutional foundations of surf break governance in Atlantic Europe |
title_sort | institutional foundations of surf break governance in atlantic europe |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8442821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34538970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-021-00929-3 |
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