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A population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen
Genome evolution is driven by the activity of transposable elements (TEs). The spread of TEs can have deleterious effects including the destabilization of genome integrity and expansions. However, the precise triggers of genome expansions remain poorly understood because genome size evolution is typ...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8445621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34528512 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.69249 |
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author | Oggenfuss, Ursula Badet, Thomas Wicker, Thomas Hartmann, Fanny E Singh, Nikhil Kumar Abraham, Leen Karisto, Petteri Vonlanthen, Tiziana Mundt, Christopher McDonald, Bruce A Croll, Daniel |
author_facet | Oggenfuss, Ursula Badet, Thomas Wicker, Thomas Hartmann, Fanny E Singh, Nikhil Kumar Abraham, Leen Karisto, Petteri Vonlanthen, Tiziana Mundt, Christopher McDonald, Bruce A Croll, Daniel |
author_sort | Oggenfuss, Ursula |
collection | PubMed |
description | Genome evolution is driven by the activity of transposable elements (TEs). The spread of TEs can have deleterious effects including the destabilization of genome integrity and expansions. However, the precise triggers of genome expansions remain poorly understood because genome size evolution is typically investigated only among deeply divergent lineages. Here, we use a large population genomics dataset of 284 individuals from populations across the globe of Zymoseptoria tritici, a major fungal wheat pathogen. We built a robust map of genome-wide TE insertions and deletions to track a total of 2456 polymorphic loci within the species. We show that purifying selection substantially depressed TE frequencies in most populations, but some rare TEs have recently risen in frequency and likely confer benefits. We found that specific TE families have undergone a substantial genome-wide expansion from the pathogen’s center of origin to more recently founded populations. The most dramatic increase in TE insertions occurred between a pair of North American populations collected in the same field at an interval of 25 years. We find that both genome-wide counts of TE insertions and genome size have increased with colonization bottlenecks. Hence, the demographic history likely played a major role in shaping genome evolution within the species. We show that both the activation of specific TEs and relaxed purifying selection underpin this incipient expansion of the genome. Our study establishes a model to recapitulate TE-driven genome evolution over deeper evolutionary timescales. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8445621 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84456212021-09-17 A population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen Oggenfuss, Ursula Badet, Thomas Wicker, Thomas Hartmann, Fanny E Singh, Nikhil Kumar Abraham, Leen Karisto, Petteri Vonlanthen, Tiziana Mundt, Christopher McDonald, Bruce A Croll, Daniel eLife Evolutionary Biology Genome evolution is driven by the activity of transposable elements (TEs). The spread of TEs can have deleterious effects including the destabilization of genome integrity and expansions. However, the precise triggers of genome expansions remain poorly understood because genome size evolution is typically investigated only among deeply divergent lineages. Here, we use a large population genomics dataset of 284 individuals from populations across the globe of Zymoseptoria tritici, a major fungal wheat pathogen. We built a robust map of genome-wide TE insertions and deletions to track a total of 2456 polymorphic loci within the species. We show that purifying selection substantially depressed TE frequencies in most populations, but some rare TEs have recently risen in frequency and likely confer benefits. We found that specific TE families have undergone a substantial genome-wide expansion from the pathogen’s center of origin to more recently founded populations. The most dramatic increase in TE insertions occurred between a pair of North American populations collected in the same field at an interval of 25 years. We find that both genome-wide counts of TE insertions and genome size have increased with colonization bottlenecks. Hence, the demographic history likely played a major role in shaping genome evolution within the species. We show that both the activation of specific TEs and relaxed purifying selection underpin this incipient expansion of the genome. Our study establishes a model to recapitulate TE-driven genome evolution over deeper evolutionary timescales. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8445621/ /pubmed/34528512 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.69249 Text en © 2021, Oggenfuss et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Evolutionary Biology Oggenfuss, Ursula Badet, Thomas Wicker, Thomas Hartmann, Fanny E Singh, Nikhil Kumar Abraham, Leen Karisto, Petteri Vonlanthen, Tiziana Mundt, Christopher McDonald, Bruce A Croll, Daniel A population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen |
title | A population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen |
title_full | A population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen |
title_fullStr | A population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen |
title_full_unstemmed | A population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen |
title_short | A population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen |
title_sort | population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen |
topic | Evolutionary Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8445621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34528512 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.69249 |
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