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High turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird
The formation of an upper distributional range limit for species breeding along mountain slopes is often based on environmental gradients resulting in changing demographic rates towards high elevations. However, we still lack an empirical understanding of how the interplay of demographic parameters...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8445929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34531505 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98100-x |
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author | Grüebler, Martin U. von Hirschheydt, Johann Korner-Nievergelt, Fränzi |
author_facet | Grüebler, Martin U. von Hirschheydt, Johann Korner-Nievergelt, Fränzi |
author_sort | Grüebler, Martin U. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The formation of an upper distributional range limit for species breeding along mountain slopes is often based on environmental gradients resulting in changing demographic rates towards high elevations. However, we still lack an empirical understanding of how the interplay of demographic parameters forms the upper range limit in highly mobile species. Here, we study apparent survival and within-study area dispersal over a 700 m elevational gradient in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) by using 15 years of capture-mark-recapture data. Annual apparent survival of adult breeding birds decreased while breeding dispersal probability of adult females, but not males increased towards the upper range limit. Individuals at high elevations dispersed to farms situated at elevations lower than would be expected by random dispersal. These results suggest higher turn-over rates of breeding individuals at high elevations, an elevational increase in immigration and thus, within-population source-sink dynamics between low and high elevations. The formation of the upper range limit therefore is based on preference for low-elevation breeding sites and immigration to high elevations. Thus, shifts of the upper range limit are not only affected by changes in the quality of high-elevation habitats but also by factors affecting the number of immigrants produced at low elevations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8445929 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84459292021-09-20 High turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird Grüebler, Martin U. von Hirschheydt, Johann Korner-Nievergelt, Fränzi Sci Rep Article The formation of an upper distributional range limit for species breeding along mountain slopes is often based on environmental gradients resulting in changing demographic rates towards high elevations. However, we still lack an empirical understanding of how the interplay of demographic parameters forms the upper range limit in highly mobile species. Here, we study apparent survival and within-study area dispersal over a 700 m elevational gradient in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) by using 15 years of capture-mark-recapture data. Annual apparent survival of adult breeding birds decreased while breeding dispersal probability of adult females, but not males increased towards the upper range limit. Individuals at high elevations dispersed to farms situated at elevations lower than would be expected by random dispersal. These results suggest higher turn-over rates of breeding individuals at high elevations, an elevational increase in immigration and thus, within-population source-sink dynamics between low and high elevations. The formation of the upper range limit therefore is based on preference for low-elevation breeding sites and immigration to high elevations. Thus, shifts of the upper range limit are not only affected by changes in the quality of high-elevation habitats but also by factors affecting the number of immigrants produced at low elevations. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8445929/ /pubmed/34531505 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98100-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Grüebler, Martin U. von Hirschheydt, Johann Korner-Nievergelt, Fränzi High turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird |
title | High turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird |
title_full | High turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird |
title_fullStr | High turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird |
title_full_unstemmed | High turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird |
title_short | High turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird |
title_sort | high turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8445929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34531505 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98100-x |
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