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Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region

To identify the prevalence and risk factors for primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-positive adult treatment-naïve patients between January 2018 and December 2019 in a state of the Brazilian Amazon region. A total of 268 HIV-1 positive patients and 65 b...

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Autores principales: Pereira, Leonn Mendes Soares, dos Santos França, Eliane, Costa, Iran Barros, Lima, Igor Tenório, Freire, Amaury Bentes Cunha, de Paula Ramos, Francisco Lúzio, Monteiro, Talita Antonia Furtado, Macedo, Olinda, Sousa, Rita Catarina Medeiros, Freitas, Felipe Bonfim, Costa, Igor Brasil, Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8446016/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34531433
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97707-4
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author Pereira, Leonn Mendes Soares
dos Santos França, Eliane
Costa, Iran Barros
Lima, Igor Tenório
Freire, Amaury Bentes Cunha
de Paula Ramos, Francisco Lúzio
Monteiro, Talita Antonia Furtado
Macedo, Olinda
Sousa, Rita Catarina Medeiros
Freitas, Felipe Bonfim
Costa, Igor Brasil
Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário
author_facet Pereira, Leonn Mendes Soares
dos Santos França, Eliane
Costa, Iran Barros
Lima, Igor Tenório
Freire, Amaury Bentes Cunha
de Paula Ramos, Francisco Lúzio
Monteiro, Talita Antonia Furtado
Macedo, Olinda
Sousa, Rita Catarina Medeiros
Freitas, Felipe Bonfim
Costa, Igor Brasil
Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário
author_sort Pereira, Leonn Mendes Soares
collection PubMed
description To identify the prevalence and risk factors for primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-positive adult treatment-naïve patients between January 2018 and December 2019 in a state of the Brazilian Amazon region. A total of 268 HIV-1 positive patients and 65 blood donors participated in the study. Epidemiological data were obtained from medical records and through a designed questionnaire. EBV infection was screened by the semiquantitative detection of anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) EBV IgM and IgG, followed by molecular detection of the EBNA-3C gene. The plasma viral loads of HIV-1 and EBV were quantified using a commercial kit. The prevalence of primary coinfection was 7.12%. The associated risk factors were education level, family income, history of illicit drug use and sexually transmitted infections, homosexual contact and condom nonuse. Approximately 58.5% had late initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, which influenced the risk of HIV-EBV 1/2 multiple infection (odds ratio (OR): 4.76; 95% CI 1.51–15.04) and symptom development (p = 0.004). HIV viral load was associated with patient age (OR: 2.04; 95% CI 2.01–2.07; p = 0.026) and duration of illicit drug use (OR: 1.57; 95% CI 1.12–2.22; p = 0.0548). EBV viral load was associated with younger age (OR: 0.82; 95% CI 0.79–1.03; p = 0.0579). The replication of both viruses was associated with symptom development (HIV = OR: 2.06; 95% CI 1.22–3.50; p = 0.0073; EBV = OR: 8.81; 95% CI 1–10; p = 0.0447). The prevalence of HIV/EBV coinfection was lower than that observed in other studies, and social vulnerability and promiscuous sexual behavior were associated risk factors. A long time of HIV-1 infection, without therapy, influenced the risk of coinfection and disease progression. The viral loads of both viruses may be associated with some epidemiological aspects of the population.
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spelling pubmed-84460162021-09-20 Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region Pereira, Leonn Mendes Soares dos Santos França, Eliane Costa, Iran Barros Lima, Igor Tenório Freire, Amaury Bentes Cunha de Paula Ramos, Francisco Lúzio Monteiro, Talita Antonia Furtado Macedo, Olinda Sousa, Rita Catarina Medeiros Freitas, Felipe Bonfim Costa, Igor Brasil Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário Sci Rep Article To identify the prevalence and risk factors for primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-positive adult treatment-naïve patients between January 2018 and December 2019 in a state of the Brazilian Amazon region. A total of 268 HIV-1 positive patients and 65 blood donors participated in the study. Epidemiological data were obtained from medical records and through a designed questionnaire. EBV infection was screened by the semiquantitative detection of anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) EBV IgM and IgG, followed by molecular detection of the EBNA-3C gene. The plasma viral loads of HIV-1 and EBV were quantified using a commercial kit. The prevalence of primary coinfection was 7.12%. The associated risk factors were education level, family income, history of illicit drug use and sexually transmitted infections, homosexual contact and condom nonuse. Approximately 58.5% had late initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, which influenced the risk of HIV-EBV 1/2 multiple infection (odds ratio (OR): 4.76; 95% CI 1.51–15.04) and symptom development (p = 0.004). HIV viral load was associated with patient age (OR: 2.04; 95% CI 2.01–2.07; p = 0.026) and duration of illicit drug use (OR: 1.57; 95% CI 1.12–2.22; p = 0.0548). EBV viral load was associated with younger age (OR: 0.82; 95% CI 0.79–1.03; p = 0.0579). The replication of both viruses was associated with symptom development (HIV = OR: 2.06; 95% CI 1.22–3.50; p = 0.0073; EBV = OR: 8.81; 95% CI 1–10; p = 0.0447). The prevalence of HIV/EBV coinfection was lower than that observed in other studies, and social vulnerability and promiscuous sexual behavior were associated risk factors. A long time of HIV-1 infection, without therapy, influenced the risk of coinfection and disease progression. The viral loads of both viruses may be associated with some epidemiological aspects of the population. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8446016/ /pubmed/34531433 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97707-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Pereira, Leonn Mendes Soares
dos Santos França, Eliane
Costa, Iran Barros
Lima, Igor Tenório
Freire, Amaury Bentes Cunha
de Paula Ramos, Francisco Lúzio
Monteiro, Talita Antonia Furtado
Macedo, Olinda
Sousa, Rita Catarina Medeiros
Freitas, Felipe Bonfim
Costa, Igor Brasil
Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário
Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region
title Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region
title_full Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region
title_fullStr Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region
title_short Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein–Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region
title_sort epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by epstein–barr virus in hiv-1-positive subjects in the brazilian amazon region
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8446016/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34531433
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97707-4
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