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Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress
The aims of the present study were to assess the possible interaction between Cognitive Reserve (CR) and State Anxiety (SA) on adrenocortical and physiological responses in coping situations. Forty healthy, middle-aged men completed the Cognitive Reserve Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory....
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8446200/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34539485 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673596 |
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author | García-Moreno, Jose A. Cañadas-Pérez, Fernando García-García, Juan Roldan-Tapia, María D. |
author_facet | García-Moreno, Jose A. Cañadas-Pérez, Fernando García-García, Juan Roldan-Tapia, María D. |
author_sort | García-Moreno, Jose A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aims of the present study were to assess the possible interaction between Cognitive Reserve (CR) and State Anxiety (SA) on adrenocortical and physiological responses in coping situations. Forty healthy, middle-aged men completed the Cognitive Reserve Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. We used an Observational Fear Conditioning (OFC) paradigm in order to assess emotional learning and to induce stress. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and salivary cortisol concentrations were measured throughout the conditions. Our results indicate that those who indicated having higher state anxiety showed a lower capacity for learning the contingency, along with presenting higher salivary cortisol peak response following the observational fear-conditioning paradigm. The most prominent finding was the interaction between cognitive reserve and state anxiety on cortisol response to the post observational fear-conditioning paradigm. Thus, those who showed a high anxiety-state and, at the same time, a high cognitive reserve did not present an increased salivary cortisol response following the observational fear-conditioning paradigm. Given these results, we postulate that the state anxiety reported by participants, reflects emotional activation that hinders the attention needed to process and associate emotional stimuli. However, cognitive reserve has an indirect relation with conditioning, enabling better emotional learning. In this context, cognitive reserve demonstrated a protective effect on hormonal response in coping situations, when reported anxiety or emotional activation were high. These findings suggest that cognitive reserve could be used as a tool to deal with the effects of stressors in life situations, limiting development of the allostatic load. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8446200 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84462002021-09-18 Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress García-Moreno, Jose A. Cañadas-Pérez, Fernando García-García, Juan Roldan-Tapia, María D. Front Psychol Psychology The aims of the present study were to assess the possible interaction between Cognitive Reserve (CR) and State Anxiety (SA) on adrenocortical and physiological responses in coping situations. Forty healthy, middle-aged men completed the Cognitive Reserve Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. We used an Observational Fear Conditioning (OFC) paradigm in order to assess emotional learning and to induce stress. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and salivary cortisol concentrations were measured throughout the conditions. Our results indicate that those who indicated having higher state anxiety showed a lower capacity for learning the contingency, along with presenting higher salivary cortisol peak response following the observational fear-conditioning paradigm. The most prominent finding was the interaction between cognitive reserve and state anxiety on cortisol response to the post observational fear-conditioning paradigm. Thus, those who showed a high anxiety-state and, at the same time, a high cognitive reserve did not present an increased salivary cortisol response following the observational fear-conditioning paradigm. Given these results, we postulate that the state anxiety reported by participants, reflects emotional activation that hinders the attention needed to process and associate emotional stimuli. However, cognitive reserve has an indirect relation with conditioning, enabling better emotional learning. In this context, cognitive reserve demonstrated a protective effect on hormonal response in coping situations, when reported anxiety or emotional activation were high. These findings suggest that cognitive reserve could be used as a tool to deal with the effects of stressors in life situations, limiting development of the allostatic load. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8446200/ /pubmed/34539485 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673596 Text en Copyright © 2021 García-Moreno, Cañadas-Pérez, García-García and Roldan-Tapia. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology García-Moreno, Jose A. Cañadas-Pérez, Fernando García-García, Juan Roldan-Tapia, María D. Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress |
title | Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress |
title_full | Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress |
title_fullStr | Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress |
title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress |
title_short | Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress |
title_sort | cognitive reserve and anxiety interactions play a fundamental role in the response to the stress |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8446200/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34539485 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673596 |
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