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Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution
For a long time, animal models were used to mimic human biology and diseases. However, animal models are not an ideal solution due to numerous interspecies differences between humans and animals. New technologies, such as human-induced pluripotent stem cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures such...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8446652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34540831 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.709183 |
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author | Miloradovic, Dragana Pavlovic, Dragica Jankovic, Marina Gazdic Nikolic, Sandra Papic, Milos Milivojevic, Nevena Stojkovic, Miodrag Ljujic, Biljana |
author_facet | Miloradovic, Dragana Pavlovic, Dragica Jankovic, Marina Gazdic Nikolic, Sandra Papic, Milos Milivojevic, Nevena Stojkovic, Miodrag Ljujic, Biljana |
author_sort | Miloradovic, Dragana |
collection | PubMed |
description | For a long time, animal models were used to mimic human biology and diseases. However, animal models are not an ideal solution due to numerous interspecies differences between humans and animals. New technologies, such as human-induced pluripotent stem cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures such as organoids, represent promising solutions for replacing, refining, and reducing animal models. The capacity of organoids to differentiate, self-organize, and form specific, complex, biologically suitable structures makes them excellent in vitro models of development and disease pathogenesis, as well as drug-screening platforms. Despite significant potential health advantages, further studies and considerable nuances are necessary before their clinical use. This article summarizes the definition of embryoids, gastruloids, and organoids and clarifies their appliance as models for early development, diseases, environmental pollution, drug screening, and bioinformatics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8446652 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84466522021-09-18 Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution Miloradovic, Dragana Pavlovic, Dragica Jankovic, Marina Gazdic Nikolic, Sandra Papic, Milos Milivojevic, Nevena Stojkovic, Miodrag Ljujic, Biljana Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology For a long time, animal models were used to mimic human biology and diseases. However, animal models are not an ideal solution due to numerous interspecies differences between humans and animals. New technologies, such as human-induced pluripotent stem cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures such as organoids, represent promising solutions for replacing, refining, and reducing animal models. The capacity of organoids to differentiate, self-organize, and form specific, complex, biologically suitable structures makes them excellent in vitro models of development and disease pathogenesis, as well as drug-screening platforms. Despite significant potential health advantages, further studies and considerable nuances are necessary before their clinical use. This article summarizes the definition of embryoids, gastruloids, and organoids and clarifies their appliance as models for early development, diseases, environmental pollution, drug screening, and bioinformatics. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8446652/ /pubmed/34540831 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.709183 Text en Copyright © 2021 Miloradovic, Pavlovic, Jankovic, Nikolic, Papic, Milivojevic, Stojkovic and Ljujic. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Miloradovic, Dragana Pavlovic, Dragica Jankovic, Marina Gazdic Nikolic, Sandra Papic, Milos Milivojevic, Nevena Stojkovic, Miodrag Ljujic, Biljana Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution |
title | Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution |
title_full | Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution |
title_fullStr | Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution |
title_full_unstemmed | Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution |
title_short | Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution |
title_sort | human embryos, induced pluripotent stem cells, and organoids: models to assess the effects of environmental plastic pollution |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8446652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34540831 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.709183 |
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