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Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution

For a long time, animal models were used to mimic human biology and diseases. However, animal models are not an ideal solution due to numerous interspecies differences between humans and animals. New technologies, such as human-induced pluripotent stem cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures such...

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Autores principales: Miloradovic, Dragana, Pavlovic, Dragica, Jankovic, Marina Gazdic, Nikolic, Sandra, Papic, Milos, Milivojevic, Nevena, Stojkovic, Miodrag, Ljujic, Biljana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8446652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34540831
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.709183
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author Miloradovic, Dragana
Pavlovic, Dragica
Jankovic, Marina Gazdic
Nikolic, Sandra
Papic, Milos
Milivojevic, Nevena
Stojkovic, Miodrag
Ljujic, Biljana
author_facet Miloradovic, Dragana
Pavlovic, Dragica
Jankovic, Marina Gazdic
Nikolic, Sandra
Papic, Milos
Milivojevic, Nevena
Stojkovic, Miodrag
Ljujic, Biljana
author_sort Miloradovic, Dragana
collection PubMed
description For a long time, animal models were used to mimic human biology and diseases. However, animal models are not an ideal solution due to numerous interspecies differences between humans and animals. New technologies, such as human-induced pluripotent stem cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures such as organoids, represent promising solutions for replacing, refining, and reducing animal models. The capacity of organoids to differentiate, self-organize, and form specific, complex, biologically suitable structures makes them excellent in vitro models of development and disease pathogenesis, as well as drug-screening platforms. Despite significant potential health advantages, further studies and considerable nuances are necessary before their clinical use. This article summarizes the definition of embryoids, gastruloids, and organoids and clarifies their appliance as models for early development, diseases, environmental pollution, drug screening, and bioinformatics.
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spelling pubmed-84466522021-09-18 Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution Miloradovic, Dragana Pavlovic, Dragica Jankovic, Marina Gazdic Nikolic, Sandra Papic, Milos Milivojevic, Nevena Stojkovic, Miodrag Ljujic, Biljana Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology For a long time, animal models were used to mimic human biology and diseases. However, animal models are not an ideal solution due to numerous interspecies differences between humans and animals. New technologies, such as human-induced pluripotent stem cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures such as organoids, represent promising solutions for replacing, refining, and reducing animal models. The capacity of organoids to differentiate, self-organize, and form specific, complex, biologically suitable structures makes them excellent in vitro models of development and disease pathogenesis, as well as drug-screening platforms. Despite significant potential health advantages, further studies and considerable nuances are necessary before their clinical use. This article summarizes the definition of embryoids, gastruloids, and organoids and clarifies their appliance as models for early development, diseases, environmental pollution, drug screening, and bioinformatics. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8446652/ /pubmed/34540831 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.709183 Text en Copyright © 2021 Miloradovic, Pavlovic, Jankovic, Nikolic, Papic, Milivojevic, Stojkovic and Ljujic. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Miloradovic, Dragana
Pavlovic, Dragica
Jankovic, Marina Gazdic
Nikolic, Sandra
Papic, Milos
Milivojevic, Nevena
Stojkovic, Miodrag
Ljujic, Biljana
Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution
title Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution
title_full Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution
title_fullStr Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution
title_full_unstemmed Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution
title_short Human Embryos, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Organoids: Models to Assess the Effects of Environmental Plastic Pollution
title_sort human embryos, induced pluripotent stem cells, and organoids: models to assess the effects of environmental plastic pollution
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8446652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34540831
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.709183
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