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Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide units with pleiotropic biological functions, with the non-sulfated GAG hyaluronic acid (HA), and sulfated GAGs dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and to a lesser exten...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Dove
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8449875/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34548803 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S328671 |
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author | Wang, Siew Tein Neo, Boon Hoe Betts, Richard J |
author_facet | Wang, Siew Tein Neo, Boon Hoe Betts, Richard J |
author_sort | Wang, Siew Tein |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide units with pleiotropic biological functions, with the non-sulfated GAG hyaluronic acid (HA), and sulfated GAGs dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and to a lesser extent heparin all being expressed in skin. Their ability to regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory processes and extracellular matrix composition and quality demonstrates their critical role in regulating skin physiology. Similarly, the water-binding properties of GAGs and structural qualities, particularly for HA, are crucial for maintaining proper skin form and hydration. The biological importance of GAGs, as well as extensive evidence that their properties and functions are altered in both chronological and extrinsic skin aging, makes them highly promising targets to improve cosmetic skin quality. Within the present review, we examine the cutaneous biological activity of GAGs alongside the protein complexes they form called proteoglycans and summarize the age-related changes of these molecules in skin. We also examine current topical interventional approaches to modulate GAGs for improved skin quality such as direct exogenous administration of GAGs, with a particular interest in strategies targeted at potentiating GAG levels in skin through either attenuating GAG degradation or increasing GAG production. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8449875 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84498752021-09-20 Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging Wang, Siew Tein Neo, Boon Hoe Betts, Richard J Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol Review Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide units with pleiotropic biological functions, with the non-sulfated GAG hyaluronic acid (HA), and sulfated GAGs dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and to a lesser extent heparin all being expressed in skin. Their ability to regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory processes and extracellular matrix composition and quality demonstrates their critical role in regulating skin physiology. Similarly, the water-binding properties of GAGs and structural qualities, particularly for HA, are crucial for maintaining proper skin form and hydration. The biological importance of GAGs, as well as extensive evidence that their properties and functions are altered in both chronological and extrinsic skin aging, makes them highly promising targets to improve cosmetic skin quality. Within the present review, we examine the cutaneous biological activity of GAGs alongside the protein complexes they form called proteoglycans and summarize the age-related changes of these molecules in skin. We also examine current topical interventional approaches to modulate GAGs for improved skin quality such as direct exogenous administration of GAGs, with a particular interest in strategies targeted at potentiating GAG levels in skin through either attenuating GAG degradation or increasing GAG production. Dove 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8449875/ /pubmed/34548803 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S328671 Text en © 2021 Wang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Review Wang, Siew Tein Neo, Boon Hoe Betts, Richard J Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging |
title | Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging |
title_full | Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging |
title_fullStr | Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging |
title_full_unstemmed | Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging |
title_short | Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging |
title_sort | glycosaminoglycans: sweet as sugar targets for topical skin anti-aging |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8449875/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34548803 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S328671 |
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