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A critical review of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within the context of a global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread over the world, resulting in more than 225 million patients, and 4.7 million deaths in September 2021. It also caused panic and terror, halted numerous activities, and resulted in the world economy deteriorates. It altered human behavior and compelled pe...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8450051/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566275 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.09.021 |
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author | Elsaid, Ashraf Mimi Mohamed, Hany A. Abdelaziz, Gamal B. Ahmed, M. Salem |
author_facet | Elsaid, Ashraf Mimi Mohamed, Hany A. Abdelaziz, Gamal B. Ahmed, M. Salem |
author_sort | Elsaid, Ashraf Mimi |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread over the world, resulting in more than 225 million patients, and 4.7 million deaths in September 2021. It also caused panic and terror, halted numerous activities, and resulted in the world economy deteriorates. It altered human behavior and compelled people to alter their lifestyles to avoid infection. Air conditioning systems are one of the most important sectors that must be considered because of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 all over the world. Air is used as a heat transfer medium in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The air contains a variety of pollutants, viruses, and bacteria, all of which have an impact on and destroy human life. Significantly in summer, people spend more time in air conditioners which results in lower levels of vitamin D and melatonin which may affect the functioning of their immune system and are susceptible to receiving SARS-CoV-2 from other individuals. As an important component of air conditioning and ventilation systems, the air filter plays a significant role. As a result, researchers must work harder to improve its design to prevent the ultra-small particles loaded with COVID-19. This paper contributes to the design of existing HVAC systems in terms of their suitability and impact on the spread of the hybrid SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, as well as efforts to obtain a highly efficient air filter to remove super-sized particles for protection against epidemic infection. In addition, important guideline recommendations have been extracted to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 throughout the world and to get the highest quality indoor air in air-conditioned places. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8450051 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84500512021-09-20 A critical review of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within the context of a global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic Elsaid, Ashraf Mimi Mohamed, Hany A. Abdelaziz, Gamal B. Ahmed, M. Salem Process Saf Environ Prot Article The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread over the world, resulting in more than 225 million patients, and 4.7 million deaths in September 2021. It also caused panic and terror, halted numerous activities, and resulted in the world economy deteriorates. It altered human behavior and compelled people to alter their lifestyles to avoid infection. Air conditioning systems are one of the most important sectors that must be considered because of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 all over the world. Air is used as a heat transfer medium in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The air contains a variety of pollutants, viruses, and bacteria, all of which have an impact on and destroy human life. Significantly in summer, people spend more time in air conditioners which results in lower levels of vitamin D and melatonin which may affect the functioning of their immune system and are susceptible to receiving SARS-CoV-2 from other individuals. As an important component of air conditioning and ventilation systems, the air filter plays a significant role. As a result, researchers must work harder to improve its design to prevent the ultra-small particles loaded with COVID-19. This paper contributes to the design of existing HVAC systems in terms of their suitability and impact on the spread of the hybrid SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, as well as efforts to obtain a highly efficient air filter to remove super-sized particles for protection against epidemic infection. In addition, important guideline recommendations have been extracted to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 throughout the world and to get the highest quality indoor air in air-conditioned places. Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. 2021-11 2021-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8450051/ /pubmed/34566275 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.09.021 Text en © 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Elsaid, Ashraf Mimi Mohamed, Hany A. Abdelaziz, Gamal B. Ahmed, M. Salem A critical review of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within the context of a global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic |
title | A critical review of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within the context of a global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic |
title_full | A critical review of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within the context of a global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic |
title_fullStr | A critical review of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within the context of a global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic |
title_full_unstemmed | A critical review of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within the context of a global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic |
title_short | A critical review of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within the context of a global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic |
title_sort | critical review of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (hvac) systems within the context of a global sars-cov-2 epidemic |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8450051/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566275 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.09.021 |
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