Evaluating the Quality of Life and Sleep Quality in Saudi Women with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study

BACKGROUND: Among the different cancers found in women, breast cancer is the most common. Breast cancer-related lymphedema is a serious health complication affecting the quality of life and sleep quality. This study evaluates the quality of life and sleep quality among Saudi women with different stages of lymphedema following the treatment of breast cancer. METHODS: This cross-sectional correlational study included 163 Saudi women with breast cancer-related lymphedema (Stages I-III), aged 28 to 56 years. From the patients identified for this study, women who suffered from mental and psychological dysfunctions or other malignant disorders were excluded. Copies of structured questionnaires were given to each participant during their visits to outpatient physiotherapy clinics. Quality of life was assessed using a valid questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), while sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The differences between the different lymphedema stages have been assessed. RESULTS: Of the total number of participants 27 women had been diagnosed with stage I lymphedema, 84 women had been diagnosed with stage II lymphedema, and 52 women had been diagnosed with stage III lymphedema. All participants have shown low scores on both EORTC QLQ-C30 and PSQI. While analyzing the differences between the 3 stages of lymphedema with the Kruskal–Wallis test, noteworthy statistical differences between the 3 stages of lymphedema (P < .05) have been found. The Stage III lymphedema patients have been shown the lowest quality of life values in all scales when compared with the stage I and stage II lymphedema patients. For PSQI scores, the stage III lymphedema patients worse values than the stage I and stage II lymphedema patients (P < .05). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Both quality of life and quality of sleep have significantly decreased in Saudi women with different stages of breast cancer-related lymphedema. Quality of life and quality of sleep are the worst in stage III lymphedema patients. Future research should consider repeat and enlarge these results as well as assess the risk factors that affect the quality of life and quality of sleep among Saudi women suffering from breast cancer-related lymphedema.