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The ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity

A growing body of research is focused on the extinction of parasite species in response to host endangerment and declines. Beyond the loss of parasite species richness, host extinction can impact apparent parasite host specificity, as measured by host richness or the phylogenetic distances among hos...

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Autores principales: Farrell, Maxwell J., Park, Andrew W., Cressler, Clayton E., Dallas, Tad, Huang, Shan, Mideo, Nicole, Morales-Castilla, Ignacio, Davies, T. Jonathan, Stephens, Patrick
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8450631/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34538147
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0351
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author Farrell, Maxwell J.
Park, Andrew W.
Cressler, Clayton E.
Dallas, Tad
Huang, Shan
Mideo, Nicole
Morales-Castilla, Ignacio
Davies, T. Jonathan
Stephens, Patrick
author_facet Farrell, Maxwell J.
Park, Andrew W.
Cressler, Clayton E.
Dallas, Tad
Huang, Shan
Mideo, Nicole
Morales-Castilla, Ignacio
Davies, T. Jonathan
Stephens, Patrick
author_sort Farrell, Maxwell J.
collection PubMed
description A growing body of research is focused on the extinction of parasite species in response to host endangerment and declines. Beyond the loss of parasite species richness, host extinction can impact apparent parasite host specificity, as measured by host richness or the phylogenetic distances among hosts. Such impacts on the distribution of parasites across the host phylogeny can have knock-on effects that may reshape the adaptation of both hosts and parasites, ultimately shifting the evolutionary landscape underlying the potential for emergence and the evolution of virulence across hosts. Here, we examine how the reshaping of host phylogenies through extinction may impact the host specificity of parasites, and offer examples from historical extinctions, present-day endangerment, and future projections of biodiversity loss. We suggest that an improved understanding of the impact of host extinction on contemporary host–parasite interactions may shed light on core aspects of disease ecology, including comparative studies of host specificity, virulence evolution in multi-host parasite systems, and future trajectories for host and parasite biodiversity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe’.
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spelling pubmed-84506312021-09-28 The ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity Farrell, Maxwell J. Park, Andrew W. Cressler, Clayton E. Dallas, Tad Huang, Shan Mideo, Nicole Morales-Castilla, Ignacio Davies, T. Jonathan Stephens, Patrick Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Part II: Changing Host Parasite Associations A growing body of research is focused on the extinction of parasite species in response to host endangerment and declines. Beyond the loss of parasite species richness, host extinction can impact apparent parasite host specificity, as measured by host richness or the phylogenetic distances among hosts. Such impacts on the distribution of parasites across the host phylogeny can have knock-on effects that may reshape the adaptation of both hosts and parasites, ultimately shifting the evolutionary landscape underlying the potential for emergence and the evolution of virulence across hosts. Here, we examine how the reshaping of host phylogenies through extinction may impact the host specificity of parasites, and offer examples from historical extinctions, present-day endangerment, and future projections of biodiversity loss. We suggest that an improved understanding of the impact of host extinction on contemporary host–parasite interactions may shed light on core aspects of disease ecology, including comparative studies of host specificity, virulence evolution in multi-host parasite systems, and future trajectories for host and parasite biodiversity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe’. The Royal Society 2021-11-08 2021-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8450631/ /pubmed/34538147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0351 Text en © 2021 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Part II: Changing Host Parasite Associations
Farrell, Maxwell J.
Park, Andrew W.
Cressler, Clayton E.
Dallas, Tad
Huang, Shan
Mideo, Nicole
Morales-Castilla, Ignacio
Davies, T. Jonathan
Stephens, Patrick
The ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity
title The ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity
title_full The ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity
title_fullStr The ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity
title_full_unstemmed The ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity
title_short The ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity
title_sort ghost of hosts past: impacts of host extinction on parasite specificity
topic Part II: Changing Host Parasite Associations
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8450631/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34538147
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0351
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