A Systematic Review of Abdominal Imaging Findings in COVID-19 Patients

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate key imaging manifestations of COVID-19 on abdominal imaging by utilizing a comprehensive review of the published literature. METHOD: A systematic literature search from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus was performed for studies mentioning abdominal imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. Studies published from inception to 15 March 2021 were included. RESULTS: A total of 116 studies comprising 1,198 patients were included. Abdominal pain was the most common indication for abdominal imaging in 50.2% of the patients. No abnormality was seen in 48.1% of abdominopelvic computed tomography scans. Segmental bowel wall thickening (14.7%) was the most common imaging abnormality, followed by bowel ischemia (7.1%), solid organ infarction (6.7%), vessel thrombosis (6.7%), and fluid-filled colon (6.2%). Other relevant findings were dilated air-filled bowel, pancreatitis, pneumatosis/portal venous gas, bowel perforation, and appendicitis. Other than abdominal findings, COVID-19-related basal lung changes were incidentally detected in many studies. Moreover, the presence of bowel imaging findings was positively correlated with the clinical severity of COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION: This review describes the abdominal imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. This is pertinent for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients presenting solely with abdominal symptoms as well as in identifying abdominal complications in a known case of COVID-19.