Hypertension Induced by Combination Therapy of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Clinical Trials

Background: Nowadays, due to the limitation of single therapy, combination therapy for cancer treatments has become important strategy. With the advancement of research on cardiotoxicities induced by anti-cancer treatment, among which cancer treatment-induced hypertension is the most frequent case. However, due to the small sample size and the absence of comparison (single-arm study alone), these studies have limitations to produce a feasible conclusion. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a meta-analysis focusing on hypertension caused by cancer combination therapy. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI, from database inception to November 31, 2020, with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) associated with hypertension induced by cancer combination drugs. The main endpoint of which was to assess the difference in the incidence of hypertension in cancer patients with monotherapy or combination therapy. We calculated the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CIs) according to the random effect model and evaluated the heterogeneity between different groups. Results: According to the preset specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 23 eligible RCTs have been included in the present meta-analysis, including 6,241 patients (Among them, 2872 patients were the control group and 3369 patients were the experimental group). The results showed that cancer patients with combination therapy led to a higher risk of hypertension (All-grade: RR 2.85, 95% CI 2.52∼3.22; 1∼2 grade: RR 2.43, 95% CI 2.10∼2.81; 3∼4 grade: RR 4.37, 95% CI 3.33∼5.72). Furthermore, compared with the control group who received or did not receive a placebo, there was a higher risk of grade 3-4 hypertension caused by cancer combination treatment. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis carries out a comprehensive analysis on the risk of patients suffering from hypertension in the process of multiple cancer combination therapies. Findings in our study support that the risk of hypertension may increase significantly in cancer patients with multiple cancer combination therapies. The outcomes of this meta-analysis may provide a reference value for clinical practice and may supply insights in reducing the incidence of hypertension caused by cancer combined treatment.