Determinants of Common Mental Disorders Among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending ART Service in Southern Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the rates of psychological problems have been shown to have a dramatic increase, particularly among people living with chronic diseases. Besides the known clinical factors, it is important to address an individual’s level of resilience as an included factor for mental health outcome for people living with HIV/AIDS. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess determinants of common mental disorders among people living with human immune virus/acquired immune deficiency virus (HIV/AIDS). SETTING: ART clinic of Gedeo zone public hospital, South, Ethiopia. METHODS: A facility-based unmatched case control study was conducted. A total of 360 adults (180 cases and 180 controls) aged 18 and above who attended the anti-retro viral therapy (ART) service participated. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) screening tool was used to determine cases and controls based on the status of common mental disorders. The treatment register at each HIV treatment center was used to systematically select study participants for the interview. The cases were common mental disorder (CMD) positively screened adults who scored seven and above, while the controls were adults who scored below seven. Then the cases and controls who took part in the study were selected using a simple random sampling method with a proportional allocation method for each hospital. Multivariable logistic regression was used. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statically significant. RESULTS: Lower resilience level was found to be significant predictors of common mental disorder among HIV patients [AOR = 3.16 95% CI; 1.83, 5.46]. The other predictors were being female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.01 95% CI; 1.21, 3.34); single [AOR = 8.10 95% CI; 3.50, 18.76]; divorced and widowed [AOR = 3.31 95% CI; 1.76, 6.22]; more than ten years of illness duration [AOR = 2.30 95% CI; 1.39, 3.80]; and having perceived stigma [AOR = 5.39 95% CI; 2.65, 10.82]. CONCLUSION: HIV-positive adults with lower resilience levels and experiencing perceived stigma exhibited significantly higher risk of mental disorders. Hence, improving personal resilience and working to mitigate perceived stigma play a great role in decreasing the risk of common mental disorders.