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Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and whiplash-associated disorder are the most common head and neck injuries and result from a sudden head or body acceleration. The head and neck injury potential is correlated with the awareness, level of muscle activation, and posture changes at the time of the p...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8455495/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33768412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-021-02757-4 |
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author | Homayounpour, Mohammad Gomez, Nicholas G. Vasavada, Anita N. Merryweather, Andrew S. |
author_facet | Homayounpour, Mohammad Gomez, Nicholas G. Vasavada, Anita N. Merryweather, Andrew S. |
author_sort | Homayounpour, Mohammad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and whiplash-associated disorder are the most common head and neck injuries and result from a sudden head or body acceleration. The head and neck injury potential is correlated with the awareness, level of muscle activation, and posture changes at the time of the perturbation. Environmental acoustic stimuli or a warning system can influence muscle activation and posture during a head perturbation. In this study, different acoustic stimuli, including Non-Directional, Directional, and Startle, were provided 1000 ms before a head impact, and the amplitude and timing of cervical muscle electromyographic (EMG) data were characterized based on the type of warning. The startle warning resulted in 49% faster and 80% greater EMG amplitude compared to the Directional and Non-Directional warnings after warning and before the impact. The post-impact peak EMG amplitudes in Unwarned trials were lower by 18 and 21% in the retraction and rebound muscle groups, respectively, compared to any of the warned conditions. When there was no warning before the impact, the retraction and rebound muscle groups also reached their maximum activation 38 and 54 ms sooner, respectively, compared to the warned trials. Based on these results, the intensity and complexity of information that a warning sound carries change the muscle response before and after a head impact and has implications for injury potential. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8455495 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84554952021-10-07 Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings Homayounpour, Mohammad Gomez, Nicholas G. Vasavada, Anita N. Merryweather, Andrew S. Ann Biomed Eng Original Article Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and whiplash-associated disorder are the most common head and neck injuries and result from a sudden head or body acceleration. The head and neck injury potential is correlated with the awareness, level of muscle activation, and posture changes at the time of the perturbation. Environmental acoustic stimuli or a warning system can influence muscle activation and posture during a head perturbation. In this study, different acoustic stimuli, including Non-Directional, Directional, and Startle, were provided 1000 ms before a head impact, and the amplitude and timing of cervical muscle electromyographic (EMG) data were characterized based on the type of warning. The startle warning resulted in 49% faster and 80% greater EMG amplitude compared to the Directional and Non-Directional warnings after warning and before the impact. The post-impact peak EMG amplitudes in Unwarned trials were lower by 18 and 21% in the retraction and rebound muscle groups, respectively, compared to any of the warned conditions. When there was no warning before the impact, the retraction and rebound muscle groups also reached their maximum activation 38 and 54 ms sooner, respectively, compared to the warned trials. Based on these results, the intensity and complexity of information that a warning sound carries change the muscle response before and after a head impact and has implications for injury potential. Springer International Publishing 2021-03-25 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8455495/ /pubmed/33768412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-021-02757-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Homayounpour, Mohammad Gomez, Nicholas G. Vasavada, Anita N. Merryweather, Andrew S. Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings |
title | Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings |
title_full | Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings |
title_fullStr | Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings |
title_full_unstemmed | Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings |
title_short | Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings |
title_sort | cervical muscle activation due to an applied force in response to different types of acoustic warnings |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8455495/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33768412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-021-02757-4 |
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