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Predictive Models of Maternal Harsh Parenting During COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Netherlands

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically impacted on family life and may have caused parental distress, which in turn may result in an overreliance on less effective parenting practices. Objective: The aim of the current study was to identify risk and protective factors associated with impaired...

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Autores principales: Riem, Madelon M. E., Lodder, Paul, Guo, Jing, Vrielink-Verpaalen, Michelle, van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J., De Carli, Pietro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8455908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566722
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.722453
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author Riem, Madelon M. E.
Lodder, Paul
Guo, Jing
Vrielink-Verpaalen, Michelle
van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.
Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.
De Carli, Pietro
author_facet Riem, Madelon M. E.
Lodder, Paul
Guo, Jing
Vrielink-Verpaalen, Michelle
van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.
Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.
De Carli, Pietro
author_sort Riem, Madelon M. E.
collection PubMed
description Background: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically impacted on family life and may have caused parental distress, which in turn may result in an overreliance on less effective parenting practices. Objective: The aim of the current study was to identify risk and protective factors associated with impaired parenting during the COVID-19 lockdown. Key factors predicting maternal harsh discipline were examined in China, Italy, and the Netherlands, using a cross-validation approach, with a particular focus on the role of allomaternal support from father and grandparents as a protective factor in predicting maternal harshness. Methods: The sample consisted of 900 Dutch, 641 Italian, and 922 Chinese mothers (age M = 36.74, SD = 5.58) who completed an online questionnaire during the lockdown. Results: Although marital conflict and psychopathology were shared risk factors predicting maternal harsh parenting in each of the three countries, cross-validation identified a unique risk factor model for each country. In the Netherlands and China, but not in Italy, work-related stressors were considered risk factors. In China, support from father and grandparents for mothers with a young child were protective factors. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the constellation of factors predicting maternal harshness during COVID-19 is not identical across countries, possibly due to cultural variations in support from fathers and grandparents. This information will be valuable for the identification of at-risk families during pandemics. Our findings show that shared childrearing can buffer against risks for harsh parenting during COVID-19. Hence, adopting approaches to build a pandemic-proof community of care may help at-risk parents during future pandemics.
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spelling pubmed-84559082021-09-23 Predictive Models of Maternal Harsh Parenting During COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Netherlands Riem, Madelon M. E. Lodder, Paul Guo, Jing Vrielink-Verpaalen, Michelle van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J. De Carli, Pietro Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Background: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically impacted on family life and may have caused parental distress, which in turn may result in an overreliance on less effective parenting practices. Objective: The aim of the current study was to identify risk and protective factors associated with impaired parenting during the COVID-19 lockdown. Key factors predicting maternal harsh discipline were examined in China, Italy, and the Netherlands, using a cross-validation approach, with a particular focus on the role of allomaternal support from father and grandparents as a protective factor in predicting maternal harshness. Methods: The sample consisted of 900 Dutch, 641 Italian, and 922 Chinese mothers (age M = 36.74, SD = 5.58) who completed an online questionnaire during the lockdown. Results: Although marital conflict and psychopathology were shared risk factors predicting maternal harsh parenting in each of the three countries, cross-validation identified a unique risk factor model for each country. In the Netherlands and China, but not in Italy, work-related stressors were considered risk factors. In China, support from father and grandparents for mothers with a young child were protective factors. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the constellation of factors predicting maternal harshness during COVID-19 is not identical across countries, possibly due to cultural variations in support from fathers and grandparents. This information will be valuable for the identification of at-risk families during pandemics. Our findings show that shared childrearing can buffer against risks for harsh parenting during COVID-19. Hence, adopting approaches to build a pandemic-proof community of care may help at-risk parents during future pandemics. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8455908/ /pubmed/34566722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.722453 Text en Copyright © 2021 Riem, Lodder, Guo, Vrielink-Verpaalen, van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg and De Carli. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
Riem, Madelon M. E.
Lodder, Paul
Guo, Jing
Vrielink-Verpaalen, Michelle
van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.
Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.
De Carli, Pietro
Predictive Models of Maternal Harsh Parenting During COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Netherlands
title Predictive Models of Maternal Harsh Parenting During COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Netherlands
title_full Predictive Models of Maternal Harsh Parenting During COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Netherlands
title_fullStr Predictive Models of Maternal Harsh Parenting During COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Netherlands
title_full_unstemmed Predictive Models of Maternal Harsh Parenting During COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Netherlands
title_short Predictive Models of Maternal Harsh Parenting During COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Netherlands
title_sort predictive models of maternal harsh parenting during covid-19 in china, italy, and netherlands
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8455908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566722
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.722453
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