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Non‐zero‐sum microbiome immune system interactions [Image: see text]

Fundamental asymmetries between the host and its microbiome in enzymatic activities and nutrient storage capabilities have promoted mutualistic adaptations on both sides. As a result, the enteric immune system has evolved so as not to cause a zero‐sum sterilization of non‐self, but rather achieve a...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Tuganbaev, Timur, Honda, Kenya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8457126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34242413
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.202049065
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author Tuganbaev, Timur
Honda, Kenya
author_facet Tuganbaev, Timur
Honda, Kenya
author_sort Tuganbaev, Timur
collection PubMed
description Fundamental asymmetries between the host and its microbiome in enzymatic activities and nutrient storage capabilities have promoted mutualistic adaptations on both sides. As a result, the enteric immune system has evolved so as not to cause a zero‐sum sterilization of non‐self, but rather achieve a non‐zero‐sum self‐reinforcing cooperation with its evolutionary partner the microbiome. In this review, we attempt to integrate the accumulated knowledge of immune—microbiome interactions into an evolutionary framework and trace the pattern of positive immune—microbiome feedback loops across epithelial, enteric nervous system, innate, and adaptive immune circuits. Indeed, the immune system requires commensal signals for its development and function, and reciprocally protects the microbiome from nutrient shortage and pathogen outgrowth. In turn, a healthy microbiome is the result of immune system curatorship as well as microbial ecology. The paradigms of host–microbiome asymmetry and the cooperative nature of their interactions identified in the gut are applicable across all tissues influenced by microbial activities. Incorporation of immune system influences into models of microbiome ecology will be a step forward toward defining what constitutes a healthy human microbiome and guide discoveries of novel host–microbiome mutualistic adaptations that may be harnessed for the promotion of human health.
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spelling pubmed-84571262021-09-27 Non‐zero‐sum microbiome immune system interactions [Image: see text] Tuganbaev, Timur Honda, Kenya Eur J Immunol Highlights Fundamental asymmetries between the host and its microbiome in enzymatic activities and nutrient storage capabilities have promoted mutualistic adaptations on both sides. As a result, the enteric immune system has evolved so as not to cause a zero‐sum sterilization of non‐self, but rather achieve a non‐zero‐sum self‐reinforcing cooperation with its evolutionary partner the microbiome. In this review, we attempt to integrate the accumulated knowledge of immune—microbiome interactions into an evolutionary framework and trace the pattern of positive immune—microbiome feedback loops across epithelial, enteric nervous system, innate, and adaptive immune circuits. Indeed, the immune system requires commensal signals for its development and function, and reciprocally protects the microbiome from nutrient shortage and pathogen outgrowth. In turn, a healthy microbiome is the result of immune system curatorship as well as microbial ecology. The paradigms of host–microbiome asymmetry and the cooperative nature of their interactions identified in the gut are applicable across all tissues influenced by microbial activities. Incorporation of immune system influences into models of microbiome ecology will be a step forward toward defining what constitutes a healthy human microbiome and guide discoveries of novel host–microbiome mutualistic adaptations that may be harnessed for the promotion of human health. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-07-26 2021-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8457126/ /pubmed/34242413 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.202049065 Text en © 2021 The Authors. European Journal of Immunology published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Highlights
Tuganbaev, Timur
Honda, Kenya
Non‐zero‐sum microbiome immune system interactions [Image: see text]
title Non‐zero‐sum microbiome immune system interactions [Image: see text]
title_full Non‐zero‐sum microbiome immune system interactions [Image: see text]
title_fullStr Non‐zero‐sum microbiome immune system interactions [Image: see text]
title_full_unstemmed Non‐zero‐sum microbiome immune system interactions [Image: see text]
title_short Non‐zero‐sum microbiome immune system interactions [Image: see text]
title_sort non‐zero‐sum microbiome immune system interactions [image: see text]
topic Highlights
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8457126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34242413
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.202049065
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