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GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA
BACKGROUND: Covid-19 has become pandemic in the World, including Indonesia. Our last study showed that HSF could serve as an immunomodulator. Using the exact search, we found that the most immuno-dominant SARS-COV2 epitope, namely A spike protein epitope, B envelope protein epitope, and C membrane p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI)
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8457347/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34595383 http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajidv15i2S.3 |
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author | Prawiro, Sumarno Reto Kusuma, Meike Tiya Amiruddin, Reyhan Sukmawati, Irma Nur Kusnaningrum, Yuyun Nadarajah, Jayshri Davi S Anam, Khoirul Raras, Tri Yudani Mardining Winarsih, Sri |
author_facet | Prawiro, Sumarno Reto Kusuma, Meike Tiya Amiruddin, Reyhan Sukmawati, Irma Nur Kusnaningrum, Yuyun Nadarajah, Jayshri Davi S Anam, Khoirul Raras, Tri Yudani Mardining Winarsih, Sri |
author_sort | Prawiro, Sumarno Reto |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Covid-19 has become pandemic in the World, including Indonesia. Our last study showed that HSF could serve as an immunomodulator. Using the exact search, we found that the most immuno-dominant SARS-COV2 epitope, namely A spike protein epitope, B envelope protein epitope, and C membrane protein epitope, we concise to be HF MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used to post only control design study and mice as an animal model. The research divided mice into four groups, and the first group as control received PBS as a placebo. The second, three, and last four groups gave HF, HSN, and HFHSN (combine HF and HSN). All of the regiment enters the mouth with a special sonde to reach the gastrointestinal organ. We gave HF every week three times and HSN once a day. After administration regiments for a long three weeks, we sacrificed the mice. We evaluated cellular immune responses that are Th-2, Th-17, and NK cells. We check for humoral immune response, TGF-β,IL-17A, IL-4, IgG,IL-4, β-defensin, and s-IgA. RESULTS: Highest profile cellular immunity HF, HSN, and HFHSN were NK cell, Th-2 and Th-17, and the last NK cell, respectively. After that which in humoral immunity, the domination response IgG and IL-4 were HF. But HSN and HFHSN dominated for s-IgA and β-defensin production. By using the study Bio-Informatica, we found HF. CONCLUSION: If the results of this study are continued to the clinical trial level, it is necessary to recommend additional markers such as CTL (s-IgA and β-defensin in lung tissue)and CPE assay. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8457347 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84573472021-09-29 GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA Prawiro, Sumarno Reto Kusuma, Meike Tiya Amiruddin, Reyhan Sukmawati, Irma Nur Kusnaningrum, Yuyun Nadarajah, Jayshri Davi S Anam, Khoirul Raras, Tri Yudani Mardining Winarsih, Sri Afr J Infect Dis Article BACKGROUND: Covid-19 has become pandemic in the World, including Indonesia. Our last study showed that HSF could serve as an immunomodulator. Using the exact search, we found that the most immuno-dominant SARS-COV2 epitope, namely A spike protein epitope, B envelope protein epitope, and C membrane protein epitope, we concise to be HF MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used to post only control design study and mice as an animal model. The research divided mice into four groups, and the first group as control received PBS as a placebo. The second, three, and last four groups gave HF, HSN, and HFHSN (combine HF and HSN). All of the regiment enters the mouth with a special sonde to reach the gastrointestinal organ. We gave HF every week three times and HSN once a day. After administration regiments for a long three weeks, we sacrificed the mice. We evaluated cellular immune responses that are Th-2, Th-17, and NK cells. We check for humoral immune response, TGF-β,IL-17A, IL-4, IgG,IL-4, β-defensin, and s-IgA. RESULTS: Highest profile cellular immunity HF, HSN, and HFHSN were NK cell, Th-2 and Th-17, and the last NK cell, respectively. After that which in humoral immunity, the domination response IgG and IL-4 were HF. But HSN and HFHSN dominated for s-IgA and β-defensin production. By using the study Bio-Informatica, we found HF. CONCLUSION: If the results of this study are continued to the clinical trial level, it is necessary to recommend additional markers such as CTL (s-IgA and β-defensin in lung tissue)and CPE assay. African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI) 2021-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8457347/ /pubmed/34595383 http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajidv15i2S.3 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Afr. J. Infect. Diseases https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License |
spellingShingle | Article Prawiro, Sumarno Reto Kusuma, Meike Tiya Amiruddin, Reyhan Sukmawati, Irma Nur Kusnaningrum, Yuyun Nadarajah, Jayshri Davi S Anam, Khoirul Raras, Tri Yudani Mardining Winarsih, Sri GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA |
title | GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA |
title_full | GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA |
title_fullStr | GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA |
title_full_unstemmed | GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA |
title_short | GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA |
title_sort | generating responses immune in cellular and humoral treatment with epitope spike, epitope envelope protein, and epitope membrane protein sars-cov-2, honey, saussurea lappa, and nigella sativa |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8457347/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34595383 http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajidv15i2S.3 |
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