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Cytoskeletal Remodeling Mimics Endothelial Response to Microgravity

Mechanical cues contribute to the maintenance of a healthy endothelium, which is essential for vascular integrity. Indeed endothelial cells are mechanosensors that integrate the forces in the form of biochemical signals. The cytoskeleton is fundamental in sensing mechanical stimuli and activating sp...

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Autores principales: Locatelli, Laura, Maier, Jeanette A. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8458731/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34568340
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.733573
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author Locatelli, Laura
Maier, Jeanette A. M.
author_facet Locatelli, Laura
Maier, Jeanette A. M.
author_sort Locatelli, Laura
collection PubMed
description Mechanical cues contribute to the maintenance of a healthy endothelium, which is essential for vascular integrity. Indeed endothelial cells are mechanosensors that integrate the forces in the form of biochemical signals. The cytoskeleton is fundamental in sensing mechanical stimuli and activating specific signaling pathways. Because the cytoskeleton is very rapidly remodeled in endothelial cells exposed to microgravity, we investigated whether the disruption of actin polymerization by cytochalasin D in 1g condition triggers and orchestrates responses similar to those occurring in micro- and macro-vascular endothelial cells upon gravitational unloading. We focused our attention on the effect of simulated microgravity on stress proteins and transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a cation channel that acts as a mechanosensor and modulates endothelial cell proliferation and stress response. Simulated microgravity downregulates TRPM7 in both cell types. However, 24 h of treatment with cytochalasin D decreases the amounts of TRPM7 only in macrovascular endothelial cells, suggesting that the regulation and the role of TRPM7 in microvascular cells are more complex than expected. The 24 h culture in the presence of cytochalasin D mimics the effect of simulated microgravity in modulating stress response in micro- and macro-vascular endothelial cells. We conclude that cytoskeletal disruption might mediate some effects of microgravity in endothelial cells.
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spelling pubmed-84587312021-09-24 Cytoskeletal Remodeling Mimics Endothelial Response to Microgravity Locatelli, Laura Maier, Jeanette A. M. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Mechanical cues contribute to the maintenance of a healthy endothelium, which is essential for vascular integrity. Indeed endothelial cells are mechanosensors that integrate the forces in the form of biochemical signals. The cytoskeleton is fundamental in sensing mechanical stimuli and activating specific signaling pathways. Because the cytoskeleton is very rapidly remodeled in endothelial cells exposed to microgravity, we investigated whether the disruption of actin polymerization by cytochalasin D in 1g condition triggers and orchestrates responses similar to those occurring in micro- and macro-vascular endothelial cells upon gravitational unloading. We focused our attention on the effect of simulated microgravity on stress proteins and transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a cation channel that acts as a mechanosensor and modulates endothelial cell proliferation and stress response. Simulated microgravity downregulates TRPM7 in both cell types. However, 24 h of treatment with cytochalasin D decreases the amounts of TRPM7 only in macrovascular endothelial cells, suggesting that the regulation and the role of TRPM7 in microvascular cells are more complex than expected. The 24 h culture in the presence of cytochalasin D mimics the effect of simulated microgravity in modulating stress response in micro- and macro-vascular endothelial cells. We conclude that cytoskeletal disruption might mediate some effects of microgravity in endothelial cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8458731/ /pubmed/34568340 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.733573 Text en Copyright © 2021 Locatelli and Maier. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Locatelli, Laura
Maier, Jeanette A. M.
Cytoskeletal Remodeling Mimics Endothelial Response to Microgravity
title Cytoskeletal Remodeling Mimics Endothelial Response to Microgravity
title_full Cytoskeletal Remodeling Mimics Endothelial Response to Microgravity
title_fullStr Cytoskeletal Remodeling Mimics Endothelial Response to Microgravity
title_full_unstemmed Cytoskeletal Remodeling Mimics Endothelial Response to Microgravity
title_short Cytoskeletal Remodeling Mimics Endothelial Response to Microgravity
title_sort cytoskeletal remodeling mimics endothelial response to microgravity
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8458731/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34568340
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.733573
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