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Transoesophageal Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Aeration in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Introduction: The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) depends closely on the potential for lung recruitment. Bedside assessment of lung recruitability is crucial for personalized lung-protective mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Methods: We...

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Autores principales: Brault, Clément, Zerbib, Yoann, Kontar, Loay, Maizel, Julien, Slama, Michel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8458769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566682
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.716949
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author Brault, Clément
Zerbib, Yoann
Kontar, Loay
Maizel, Julien
Slama, Michel
author_facet Brault, Clément
Zerbib, Yoann
Kontar, Loay
Maizel, Julien
Slama, Michel
author_sort Brault, Clément
collection PubMed
description Introduction: The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) depends closely on the potential for lung recruitment. Bedside assessment of lung recruitability is crucial for personalized lung-protective mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Methods: We developed a transoesophageal lung ultrasound (TE-LUS) method in which a quantitative (computer-assisted) grayscale determination served as a guide to PEEP-induced lung recruitment. The method is based on the following hypothesis: when the PEEP increases, inflation of the recruited alveoli leads to significant changes in the air/water ratio. Normally ventilated areas are hypoechoic because the ultrasound waves are weakly reflected while poorly aerated areas or non-aerated areas are hyperechoic. We calculated the TE-LUS re-aeration score (RAS) as the ratio of the mean gray scale level at low PEEP to that value at high PEEP for the lower and upper lobes. A RAS > 1 indicated an increase in ventilated area. We used this new method to detect changes in ventilation in patients with a low (<0.5) vs. high (≥0.5) recruitment-to-inflation (R/I) ratio (i.e., the ratio between the recruited lung compliance and the respiratory system compliance at low PEEP). Results: We included 30 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. In patients with a high R/I ratio, the TE-LUS RAS was significantly higher in the lower lobes than in the upper lobes (1.20 [1.12–1.63] vs. 1.05 [0.89–1.38]; p = 0.05). Likewise, the TE-LUS RAS in the lower lobes was significantly higher in the high R/I group than in the low R/I group (1.20 [1.12–1.63] vs. 1.07 [1.00–1.20]; p = 0.04). Conclusion: The increase in PEEP induces a substantial gain in the ventilation detected by TE-LUS of poorly or non-aerated lower lobes (dependent lung regions), especially in patients with a high R/I ratio.
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spelling pubmed-84587692021-09-24 Transoesophageal Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Aeration in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Brault, Clément Zerbib, Yoann Kontar, Loay Maizel, Julien Slama, Michel Front Physiol Physiology Introduction: The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) depends closely on the potential for lung recruitment. Bedside assessment of lung recruitability is crucial for personalized lung-protective mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Methods: We developed a transoesophageal lung ultrasound (TE-LUS) method in which a quantitative (computer-assisted) grayscale determination served as a guide to PEEP-induced lung recruitment. The method is based on the following hypothesis: when the PEEP increases, inflation of the recruited alveoli leads to significant changes in the air/water ratio. Normally ventilated areas are hypoechoic because the ultrasound waves are weakly reflected while poorly aerated areas or non-aerated areas are hyperechoic. We calculated the TE-LUS re-aeration score (RAS) as the ratio of the mean gray scale level at low PEEP to that value at high PEEP for the lower and upper lobes. A RAS > 1 indicated an increase in ventilated area. We used this new method to detect changes in ventilation in patients with a low (<0.5) vs. high (≥0.5) recruitment-to-inflation (R/I) ratio (i.e., the ratio between the recruited lung compliance and the respiratory system compliance at low PEEP). Results: We included 30 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. In patients with a high R/I ratio, the TE-LUS RAS was significantly higher in the lower lobes than in the upper lobes (1.20 [1.12–1.63] vs. 1.05 [0.89–1.38]; p = 0.05). Likewise, the TE-LUS RAS in the lower lobes was significantly higher in the high R/I group than in the low R/I group (1.20 [1.12–1.63] vs. 1.07 [1.00–1.20]; p = 0.04). Conclusion: The increase in PEEP induces a substantial gain in the ventilation detected by TE-LUS of poorly or non-aerated lower lobes (dependent lung regions), especially in patients with a high R/I ratio. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8458769/ /pubmed/34566682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.716949 Text en Copyright © 2021 Brault, Zerbib, Kontar, Maizel and Slama. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Brault, Clément
Zerbib, Yoann
Kontar, Loay
Maizel, Julien
Slama, Michel
Transoesophageal Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Aeration in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
title Transoesophageal Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Aeration in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
title_full Transoesophageal Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Aeration in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
title_fullStr Transoesophageal Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Aeration in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Transoesophageal Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Aeration in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
title_short Transoesophageal Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Aeration in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
title_sort transoesophageal ultrasound assessment of lung aeration in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8458769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566682
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.716949
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