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Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology

Large portions of the thalamus receive strong driving input from cortical layer 5 (L5) neurons but the role of this important pathway in cortical and thalamic computations is not well understood. L5-recipient “higher-order” thalamic regions participate in cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuits that...

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Autores principales: Mease, Rebecca A., Gonzalez, Antonio J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8458899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566583
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.730211
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author Mease, Rebecca A.
Gonzalez, Antonio J.
author_facet Mease, Rebecca A.
Gonzalez, Antonio J.
author_sort Mease, Rebecca A.
collection PubMed
description Large portions of the thalamus receive strong driving input from cortical layer 5 (L5) neurons but the role of this important pathway in cortical and thalamic computations is not well understood. L5-recipient “higher-order” thalamic regions participate in cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuits that are increasingly recognized to be (1) anatomically and functionally distinct from better-studied “first-order” CTC networks, and (2) integral to cortical activity related to learning and perception. Additionally, studies are beginning to elucidate the clinical relevance of these networks, as dysfunction across these pathways have been implicated in several pathological states. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding L5 CTC networks across sensory modalities and brain regions, particularly studies leveraging cell-type-specific tools that allow precise experimental access to L5 CTC circuits. We aim to provide a focused and accessible summary of the anatomical, physiological, and computational properties of L5-originating CTC networks, and outline their underappreciated contribution in pathology. We particularly seek to connect single-neuron and synaptic properties to network (dys)function and emerging theories of cortical computation, and highlight information processing in L5 CTC networks as a promising focus for computational studies.
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spelling pubmed-84588992021-09-24 Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology Mease, Rebecca A. Gonzalez, Antonio J. Front Neural Circuits Neural Circuits Large portions of the thalamus receive strong driving input from cortical layer 5 (L5) neurons but the role of this important pathway in cortical and thalamic computations is not well understood. L5-recipient “higher-order” thalamic regions participate in cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuits that are increasingly recognized to be (1) anatomically and functionally distinct from better-studied “first-order” CTC networks, and (2) integral to cortical activity related to learning and perception. Additionally, studies are beginning to elucidate the clinical relevance of these networks, as dysfunction across these pathways have been implicated in several pathological states. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding L5 CTC networks across sensory modalities and brain regions, particularly studies leveraging cell-type-specific tools that allow precise experimental access to L5 CTC circuits. We aim to provide a focused and accessible summary of the anatomical, physiological, and computational properties of L5-originating CTC networks, and outline their underappreciated contribution in pathology. We particularly seek to connect single-neuron and synaptic properties to network (dys)function and emerging theories of cortical computation, and highlight information processing in L5 CTC networks as a promising focus for computational studies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8458899/ /pubmed/34566583 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.730211 Text en Copyright © 2021 Mease and Gonzalez. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neural Circuits
Mease, Rebecca A.
Gonzalez, Antonio J.
Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology
title Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology
title_full Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology
title_fullStr Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology
title_full_unstemmed Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology
title_short Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology
title_sort corticothalamic pathways from layer 5: emerging roles in computation and pathology
topic Neural Circuits
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8458899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566583
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.730211
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