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Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

In assessments of cancer risk from atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), scientists and regulators rarely consider the complex mixture of emitted compounds and degradation products, and they often represent the entire mixture using a single emitted compound—benzo[a]pyrene. Here, we sh...

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Autores principales: Kelly, Jamie M., Ivatt, Peter D., Evans, Mathew J., Kroll, Jesse H., Hrdina, Amy I. H., Kohale, Ishwar N., White, Forest M., Engelward, Bevin P., Selin, Noelle E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8460132/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589640
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000401
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author Kelly, Jamie M.
Ivatt, Peter D.
Evans, Mathew J.
Kroll, Jesse H.
Hrdina, Amy I. H.
Kohale, Ishwar N.
White, Forest M.
Engelward, Bevin P.
Selin, Noelle E.
author_facet Kelly, Jamie M.
Ivatt, Peter D.
Evans, Mathew J.
Kroll, Jesse H.
Hrdina, Amy I. H.
Kohale, Ishwar N.
White, Forest M.
Engelward, Bevin P.
Selin, Noelle E.
author_sort Kelly, Jamie M.
collection PubMed
description In assessments of cancer risk from atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), scientists and regulators rarely consider the complex mixture of emitted compounds and degradation products, and they often represent the entire mixture using a single emitted compound—benzo[a]pyrene. Here, we show that benzo[a]pyrene is a poor indicator of PAH risk distribution and management: nearly 90% of cancer risk worldwide results from other PAHs, including unregulated degradation products of emitted PAHs. We develop and apply a global‐scale atmospheric model and conduct health impact analyses to estimate human cancer risk from 16 PAHs and several of their N‐PAH degradation products. We find that benzo[a]pyrene is a minor contributor to the total cancer risks of PAHs (11%); the remaining risk comes from other directly emitted PAHs (72%) and N‐PAHs (17%). We show that assessment and policy‐making that relies solely on benzo[a]pyrene exposure provides misleading estimates of risk distribution, the importance of chemical processes, and the prospects for risk mitigation. We conclude that researchers and decision‐makers should consider additional PAHs as well as degradation products.
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spelling pubmed-84601322021-09-28 Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Kelly, Jamie M. Ivatt, Peter D. Evans, Mathew J. Kroll, Jesse H. Hrdina, Amy I. H. Kohale, Ishwar N. White, Forest M. Engelward, Bevin P. Selin, Noelle E. Geohealth Research Article In assessments of cancer risk from atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), scientists and regulators rarely consider the complex mixture of emitted compounds and degradation products, and they often represent the entire mixture using a single emitted compound—benzo[a]pyrene. Here, we show that benzo[a]pyrene is a poor indicator of PAH risk distribution and management: nearly 90% of cancer risk worldwide results from other PAHs, including unregulated degradation products of emitted PAHs. We develop and apply a global‐scale atmospheric model and conduct health impact analyses to estimate human cancer risk from 16 PAHs and several of their N‐PAH degradation products. We find that benzo[a]pyrene is a minor contributor to the total cancer risks of PAHs (11%); the remaining risk comes from other directly emitted PAHs (72%) and N‐PAHs (17%). We show that assessment and policy‐making that relies solely on benzo[a]pyrene exposure provides misleading estimates of risk distribution, the importance of chemical processes, and the prospects for risk mitigation. We conclude that researchers and decision‐makers should consider additional PAHs as well as degradation products. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8460132/ /pubmed/34589640 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000401 Text en © 2021 The Authors. GeoHealth published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kelly, Jamie M.
Ivatt, Peter D.
Evans, Mathew J.
Kroll, Jesse H.
Hrdina, Amy I. H.
Kohale, Ishwar N.
White, Forest M.
Engelward, Bevin P.
Selin, Noelle E.
Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_full Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_fullStr Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_full_unstemmed Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_short Global Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_sort global cancer risk from unregulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8460132/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589640
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000401
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