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Do Health Expenditures Converge Among ASEAN Countries?
This paper aims to determine the existence of convergence in health expenditures among Association for South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. Based on the SPSM procedure and panel KSS unit root test results, the public health expenditures (PUHE) in Indonesia, Lao PDR, Cambodia, the Philippines,...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8460855/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34568255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.699821 |
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author | Li, Zheng-Zheng Liu, Guangzhe Tao, Ran Lobont, Oana-Ramona |
author_facet | Li, Zheng-Zheng Liu, Guangzhe Tao, Ran Lobont, Oana-Ramona |
author_sort | Li, Zheng-Zheng |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper aims to determine the existence of convergence in health expenditures among Association for South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. Based on the SPSM procedure and panel KSS unit root test results, the public health expenditures (PUHE) in Indonesia, Lao PDR, Cambodia, the Philippines, and Myanmar are converging, while that of Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, and Thailand are diverging. In addition, the sequences of private health expenditures (PRHE) in ASEAN member states are stationary, which implies convergence. This finding is in accordance with Wagner's law, that is, as nations develop, they are forced to expand public expenditure. Specifically, countries with low levels of PUHE tend to catch up with the high health spending countries. This research has policy implications with regard to the convergence of health expenditure across countries. The government in low- and lower-middle income countries should raise PUHE to provide access to health services for those who are unaffordable individuals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8460855 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84608552021-09-25 Do Health Expenditures Converge Among ASEAN Countries? Li, Zheng-Zheng Liu, Guangzhe Tao, Ran Lobont, Oana-Ramona Front Public Health Public Health This paper aims to determine the existence of convergence in health expenditures among Association for South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. Based on the SPSM procedure and panel KSS unit root test results, the public health expenditures (PUHE) in Indonesia, Lao PDR, Cambodia, the Philippines, and Myanmar are converging, while that of Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, and Thailand are diverging. In addition, the sequences of private health expenditures (PRHE) in ASEAN member states are stationary, which implies convergence. This finding is in accordance with Wagner's law, that is, as nations develop, they are forced to expand public expenditure. Specifically, countries with low levels of PUHE tend to catch up with the high health spending countries. This research has policy implications with regard to the convergence of health expenditure across countries. The government in low- and lower-middle income countries should raise PUHE to provide access to health services for those who are unaffordable individuals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8460855/ /pubmed/34568255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.699821 Text en Copyright © 2021 Li, Liu, Tao and Lobont. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Public Health Li, Zheng-Zheng Liu, Guangzhe Tao, Ran Lobont, Oana-Ramona Do Health Expenditures Converge Among ASEAN Countries? |
title | Do Health Expenditures Converge Among ASEAN Countries? |
title_full | Do Health Expenditures Converge Among ASEAN Countries? |
title_fullStr | Do Health Expenditures Converge Among ASEAN Countries? |
title_full_unstemmed | Do Health Expenditures Converge Among ASEAN Countries? |
title_short | Do Health Expenditures Converge Among ASEAN Countries? |
title_sort | do health expenditures converge among asean countries? |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8460855/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34568255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.699821 |
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