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COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a global impact that has been unevenly distributed among and even within countries. Multiple demographic and environmental factors have been associated with the risk of COVID-19 spread and fatality, including age, gender, ethnicity, poverty, and air qu...

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Autores principales: Mondal, Sumona, Chaipitakporn, Chaya, Kumar, Vijay, Wangler, Bridget, Gurajala, Supraja, Dhaniyala, Suresh, Sur, Shantanu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34628294
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150536
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author Mondal, Sumona
Chaipitakporn, Chaya
Kumar, Vijay
Wangler, Bridget
Gurajala, Supraja
Dhaniyala, Suresh
Sur, Shantanu
author_facet Mondal, Sumona
Chaipitakporn, Chaya
Kumar, Vijay
Wangler, Bridget
Gurajala, Supraja
Dhaniyala, Suresh
Sur, Shantanu
author_sort Mondal, Sumona
collection PubMed
description The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a global impact that has been unevenly distributed among and even within countries. Multiple demographic and environmental factors have been associated with the risk of COVID-19 spread and fatality, including age, gender, ethnicity, poverty, and air quality among others. However, specific contributions of these factors are yet to be understood. Here, we attempted to explain the variability in infection, death, and fatality rates by understanding the contributions of a few selected factors. We compared the incidence of COVID-19 in New York State (NYS) counties during the first wave of infection and analyzed how different demographic and environmental variables associate with the variation observed across the counties. We observed that infection and death rates, two important COVID-19 metrics, to be highly correlated with both being highest in counties located near New York City, considered as one of the epicenters of the infection in the US. In contrast, disease fatality was found to be highest in a different set of counties despite registering a low infection rate. To investigate this apparent discrepancy, we divided the counties into three clusters based on COVID-19 infection, death, or fatality, and compared the differences in the demographic and environmental variables such as ethnicity, age, population density, poverty, temperature, and air quality in each of these clusters. Furthermore, a regression model built on this data reveals PM(2.5) and distance from the epicenter are significant risk factors for infection, while disease fatality has a strong association with age and PM(2.5). Our results demonstrate that for the NYS, demographic components distinctly associate with specific aspects of COVID-19 burden and also highlight the detrimental impact of poor air quality. These results could help design and direct location-specific control and mitigation strategies.
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spelling pubmed-84610362021-09-24 COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality Mondal, Sumona Chaipitakporn, Chaya Kumar, Vijay Wangler, Bridget Gurajala, Supraja Dhaniyala, Suresh Sur, Shantanu Sci Total Environ Article The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a global impact that has been unevenly distributed among and even within countries. Multiple demographic and environmental factors have been associated with the risk of COVID-19 spread and fatality, including age, gender, ethnicity, poverty, and air quality among others. However, specific contributions of these factors are yet to be understood. Here, we attempted to explain the variability in infection, death, and fatality rates by understanding the contributions of a few selected factors. We compared the incidence of COVID-19 in New York State (NYS) counties during the first wave of infection and analyzed how different demographic and environmental variables associate with the variation observed across the counties. We observed that infection and death rates, two important COVID-19 metrics, to be highly correlated with both being highest in counties located near New York City, considered as one of the epicenters of the infection in the US. In contrast, disease fatality was found to be highest in a different set of counties despite registering a low infection rate. To investigate this apparent discrepancy, we divided the counties into three clusters based on COVID-19 infection, death, or fatality, and compared the differences in the demographic and environmental variables such as ethnicity, age, population density, poverty, temperature, and air quality in each of these clusters. Furthermore, a regression model built on this data reveals PM(2.5) and distance from the epicenter are significant risk factors for infection, while disease fatality has a strong association with age and PM(2.5). Our results demonstrate that for the NYS, demographic components distinctly associate with specific aspects of COVID-19 burden and also highlight the detrimental impact of poor air quality. These results could help design and direct location-specific control and mitigation strategies. Elsevier B.V. 2022-02-10 2021-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8461036/ /pubmed/34628294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150536 Text en © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Mondal, Sumona
Chaipitakporn, Chaya
Kumar, Vijay
Wangler, Bridget
Gurajala, Supraja
Dhaniyala, Suresh
Sur, Shantanu
COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality
title COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality
title_full COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality
title_fullStr COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality
title_short COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality
title_sort covid-19 in new york state: effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34628294
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150536
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