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Thymic T-Cell Production Is Associated With Changes in the Gut Microbiota in Young Chicks

Increasing studies show that gut microbiota play a central role in immunity, although the impact of the microbiota on mediation of thymic T cells throughout life is not well understood. Chickens have been shown to be a valuable model for studying basic immunology. Here, we show that changes in the g...

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Autores principales: Cheng, Jiaheng, Yuan, Yushan, Zhao, Fang, Chen, Jianwei, Chen, Peng, Li, Ying, Yan, Xia, Luo, Chenglong, Shu, Dingming, Qu, Hao, Ji, Jian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566959
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.700603
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author Cheng, Jiaheng
Yuan, Yushan
Zhao, Fang
Chen, Jianwei
Chen, Peng
Li, Ying
Yan, Xia
Luo, Chenglong
Shu, Dingming
Qu, Hao
Ji, Jian
author_facet Cheng, Jiaheng
Yuan, Yushan
Zhao, Fang
Chen, Jianwei
Chen, Peng
Li, Ying
Yan, Xia
Luo, Chenglong
Shu, Dingming
Qu, Hao
Ji, Jian
author_sort Cheng, Jiaheng
collection PubMed
description Increasing studies show that gut microbiota play a central role in immunity, although the impact of the microbiota on mediation of thymic T cells throughout life is not well understood. Chickens have been shown to be a valuable model for studying basic immunology. Here, we show that changes in the gut microbiota are associated with the development of thymic T cells in young chickens. Our results showed that T-cell numbers in newborn chicks sharply increased from day 0 and peaked at day 49. Interestingly, the α-diversity score pattern of change in gut microbiota also increased after day 0 and continued to increase until day 49. We found that early antibiotic treatment resulted in a dramatic reduction in gut alpha diversity: principal component analysis (PCA) showed that antibiotic treatment resulted in a different cluster from the controls on days 9 and 49. In the antibiotic-treated chickens, we identified eight significantly different (p < 0.05) microbes at the phylum level and 14 significantly different (p < 0.05) microbes at the genus level, compared with the controls. Importantly, we found that antibiotic treatment led to a decreased percentage and number of T cells in the thymus when measured at days 9 and 49, as evaluated by flow cytometry. Collectively, our data suggest that intestinal microbiota may be involved in the regulation of T cells in birds, presenting the possibility that interventions that actively modify the gut microbiota in early life may accelerate the maturation of humoral immunity, with resulting anti-inflammatory effects against different pathogens.
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spelling pubmed-84611772021-09-25 Thymic T-Cell Production Is Associated With Changes in the Gut Microbiota in Young Chicks Cheng, Jiaheng Yuan, Yushan Zhao, Fang Chen, Jianwei Chen, Peng Li, Ying Yan, Xia Luo, Chenglong Shu, Dingming Qu, Hao Ji, Jian Front Immunol Immunology Increasing studies show that gut microbiota play a central role in immunity, although the impact of the microbiota on mediation of thymic T cells throughout life is not well understood. Chickens have been shown to be a valuable model for studying basic immunology. Here, we show that changes in the gut microbiota are associated with the development of thymic T cells in young chickens. Our results showed that T-cell numbers in newborn chicks sharply increased from day 0 and peaked at day 49. Interestingly, the α-diversity score pattern of change in gut microbiota also increased after day 0 and continued to increase until day 49. We found that early antibiotic treatment resulted in a dramatic reduction in gut alpha diversity: principal component analysis (PCA) showed that antibiotic treatment resulted in a different cluster from the controls on days 9 and 49. In the antibiotic-treated chickens, we identified eight significantly different (p < 0.05) microbes at the phylum level and 14 significantly different (p < 0.05) microbes at the genus level, compared with the controls. Importantly, we found that antibiotic treatment led to a decreased percentage and number of T cells in the thymus when measured at days 9 and 49, as evaluated by flow cytometry. Collectively, our data suggest that intestinal microbiota may be involved in the regulation of T cells in birds, presenting the possibility that interventions that actively modify the gut microbiota in early life may accelerate the maturation of humoral immunity, with resulting anti-inflammatory effects against different pathogens. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8461177/ /pubmed/34566959 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.700603 Text en Copyright © 2021 Cheng, Yuan, Zhao, Chen, Chen, Li, Yan, Luo, Shu, Qu and Ji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Cheng, Jiaheng
Yuan, Yushan
Zhao, Fang
Chen, Jianwei
Chen, Peng
Li, Ying
Yan, Xia
Luo, Chenglong
Shu, Dingming
Qu, Hao
Ji, Jian
Thymic T-Cell Production Is Associated With Changes in the Gut Microbiota in Young Chicks
title Thymic T-Cell Production Is Associated With Changes in the Gut Microbiota in Young Chicks
title_full Thymic T-Cell Production Is Associated With Changes in the Gut Microbiota in Young Chicks
title_fullStr Thymic T-Cell Production Is Associated With Changes in the Gut Microbiota in Young Chicks
title_full_unstemmed Thymic T-Cell Production Is Associated With Changes in the Gut Microbiota in Young Chicks
title_short Thymic T-Cell Production Is Associated With Changes in the Gut Microbiota in Young Chicks
title_sort thymic t-cell production is associated with changes in the gut microbiota in young chicks
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566959
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.700603
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