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Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate

Many bacterial species in nature possess the ability to transition into a sessile lifestyle and aggregate into cohesive colonies, known as biofilms. Within a biofilm, bacterial cells are encapsulated within an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) comprised of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic ac...

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Autores principales: Poulin, Myles B., Kuperman, Laura L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461298/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566936
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.730980
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author Poulin, Myles B.
Kuperman, Laura L.
author_facet Poulin, Myles B.
Kuperman, Laura L.
author_sort Poulin, Myles B.
collection PubMed
description Many bacterial species in nature possess the ability to transition into a sessile lifestyle and aggregate into cohesive colonies, known as biofilms. Within a biofilm, bacterial cells are encapsulated within an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) comprised of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other small molecules. The transition from planktonic growth to the biofilm lifecycle provides numerous benefits to bacteria, such as facilitating adherence to abiotic surfaces, evasion of a host immune system, and resistance to common antibiotics. As a result, biofilm-forming bacteria contribute to 65% of infections in humans, and substantially increase the energy and time required for treatment and recovery. Several biofilm specific exopolysaccharides, including cellulose, alginate, Pel polysaccharide, and poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), have been shown to play an important role in bacterial biofilm formation and their production is strongly correlated with pathogenicity and virulence. In many bacteria the biosynthetic machineries required for assembly of these exopolysaccharides are regulated by common signaling molecules, with the second messenger cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) playing an especially important role in the post-translational activation of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Research on treatments of antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria through direct targeting of c-di-GMP signaling has shown promise, including peptide-based treatments that sequester intracellular c-di-GMP. In this review, we will examine the direct role c-di-GMP plays in the biosynthesis and export of biofilm exopolysaccharides with a focus on the mechanism of post-translational activation of these pathways, as well as describe novel approaches to inhibit biofilm formation through direct targeting of c-di-GMP.
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spelling pubmed-84612982021-09-25 Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate Poulin, Myles B. Kuperman, Laura L. Front Microbiol Microbiology Many bacterial species in nature possess the ability to transition into a sessile lifestyle and aggregate into cohesive colonies, known as biofilms. Within a biofilm, bacterial cells are encapsulated within an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) comprised of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other small molecules. The transition from planktonic growth to the biofilm lifecycle provides numerous benefits to bacteria, such as facilitating adherence to abiotic surfaces, evasion of a host immune system, and resistance to common antibiotics. As a result, biofilm-forming bacteria contribute to 65% of infections in humans, and substantially increase the energy and time required for treatment and recovery. Several biofilm specific exopolysaccharides, including cellulose, alginate, Pel polysaccharide, and poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), have been shown to play an important role in bacterial biofilm formation and their production is strongly correlated with pathogenicity and virulence. In many bacteria the biosynthetic machineries required for assembly of these exopolysaccharides are regulated by common signaling molecules, with the second messenger cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) playing an especially important role in the post-translational activation of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Research on treatments of antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria through direct targeting of c-di-GMP signaling has shown promise, including peptide-based treatments that sequester intracellular c-di-GMP. In this review, we will examine the direct role c-di-GMP plays in the biosynthesis and export of biofilm exopolysaccharides with a focus on the mechanism of post-translational activation of these pathways, as well as describe novel approaches to inhibit biofilm formation through direct targeting of c-di-GMP. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8461298/ /pubmed/34566936 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.730980 Text en Copyright © 2021 Poulin and Kuperman. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Poulin, Myles B.
Kuperman, Laura L.
Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate
title Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate
title_full Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate
title_fullStr Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate
title_full_unstemmed Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate
title_short Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate
title_sort regulation of biofilm exopolysaccharide production by cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461298/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34566936
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.730980
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