Comparison between Local Infiltration Analgesia and Ultrasound Guided Single Shot Adductor Canal Block Post Total Knee Replacement Surgery - A Randomized Controlled Trial

CONTEXT: Good quality analgesia posttotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) contributes majorly to early mobilization and shorter hospital stay. AIM: To compare adductor canal block (ACB) versus local infiltration analgesia (LIA) for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing TKA. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was undertaken at a tertiary care university hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Classes I, II, and III, who received spinal anesthesia for TKA were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A patients had LIA of the knee joint using a mixture of 50 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, 10 mg morphine (1 mL) and 99 mL of normal saline. Group B patients received ACB using 25 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine under ultrasound guidance. All patients received multimodal analgesia comprising of paracetamol, diclofenac, and patient controlled analgesia with morphine in the first 24 h' postoperative period. The primary outcome measures were first 24 h' morphine consumption and pain scores at 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. The secondary outcome measures were nausea/vomiting, sedation, and patient satisfaction scores. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and Chi-square test. RESULTS: The 24 h morphine consumption was 11.97 ± 7.97 and 10.83 ± 6.41 mg in the LIA group and ACB group, respectively (P = 0.54). No significant differences were noted either in the pain scores at rest and flexion or secondary outcome measures between both groups in the first 24 h. CONCLUSION: Single-shot ACB is equally effective as LIA as postoperative analgesia for TKA.