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Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones

Whether the use of mobile phones (MP) represents a health hazard is still under debate. As part of the attempts to resolve this uncertainty, there has been an extensive characterization of the electromagnetic fields MP emit and receive. While the radiofrequencies (RF) have been studied exhaustively,...

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Autores principales: Zastko, L., Makinistian, L., Tvarožná, A., Ferreyra, F. L., Belyaev, I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8463716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34561477
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98083-9
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author Zastko, L.
Makinistian, L.
Tvarožná, A.
Ferreyra, F. L.
Belyaev, I.
author_facet Zastko, L.
Makinistian, L.
Tvarožná, A.
Ferreyra, F. L.
Belyaev, I.
author_sort Zastko, L.
collection PubMed
description Whether the use of mobile phones (MP) represents a health hazard is still under debate. As part of the attempts to resolve this uncertainty, there has been an extensive characterization of the electromagnetic fields MP emit and receive. While the radiofrequencies (RF) have been studied exhaustively, the static magnetic fields (SMF) have received much less attention, regardless of the fact there is a wealth of evidence demonstrating their biological effects. We performed 2D maps of the SMF at several distances from the screen of 5 MP (models between 2013 and 2018) using a tri-axis magnetometer. We built a mathematical model to fit our measurements, extrapolated them down to the phones’ screen, and calculated the SMF on the skin of a 3D head model, showing that exposure is in the µT to mT range. Our literature survey prompts the need of further research not only on the biological effects of SMF and their gradients, but also on their combination with extremely low frequency (ELF) and RF fields. The study of combined fields (SMF, ELF, and RF) as similar as possible to the ones that occur in reality should provide a more sensible assessment of potential risks.
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spelling pubmed-84637162021-09-29 Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones Zastko, L. Makinistian, L. Tvarožná, A. Ferreyra, F. L. Belyaev, I. Sci Rep Article Whether the use of mobile phones (MP) represents a health hazard is still under debate. As part of the attempts to resolve this uncertainty, there has been an extensive characterization of the electromagnetic fields MP emit and receive. While the radiofrequencies (RF) have been studied exhaustively, the static magnetic fields (SMF) have received much less attention, regardless of the fact there is a wealth of evidence demonstrating their biological effects. We performed 2D maps of the SMF at several distances from the screen of 5 MP (models between 2013 and 2018) using a tri-axis magnetometer. We built a mathematical model to fit our measurements, extrapolated them down to the phones’ screen, and calculated the SMF on the skin of a 3D head model, showing that exposure is in the µT to mT range. Our literature survey prompts the need of further research not only on the biological effects of SMF and their gradients, but also on their combination with extremely low frequency (ELF) and RF fields. The study of combined fields (SMF, ELF, and RF) as similar as possible to the ones that occur in reality should provide a more sensible assessment of potential risks. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8463716/ /pubmed/34561477 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98083-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Zastko, L.
Makinistian, L.
Tvarožná, A.
Ferreyra, F. L.
Belyaev, I.
Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_full Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_fullStr Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_full_unstemmed Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_short Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_sort mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8463716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34561477
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98083-9
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