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T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease

Although advances in preventive medicine have greatly improved prognosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This clearly indicates that there remain residual cardiovascular risks that have not been targeted by conventional therapies. The results of multiple a...

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Autores principales: Shirakawa, Kohsuke, Sano, Motoaki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8464832/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34572084
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092435
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author Shirakawa, Kohsuke
Sano, Motoaki
author_facet Shirakawa, Kohsuke
Sano, Motoaki
author_sort Shirakawa, Kohsuke
collection PubMed
description Although advances in preventive medicine have greatly improved prognosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This clearly indicates that there remain residual cardiovascular risks that have not been targeted by conventional therapies. The results of multiple animal studies and clinical trials clearly indicate that inflammation is the most important residual risk and a potential target for CVD prevention. The immune cell network is intricately regulated to maintain homeostasis. Ageing associated changes to the immune system occurs in both innate and adaptive immune cells, however T cells are most susceptible to this process. T-cell changes due to thymic degeneration and homeostatic proliferation, metabolic abnormalities, telomere length shortening, and epigenetic changes associated with aging and obesity may not only reduce normal immune function, but also induce inflammatory tendencies, a process referred to as immunosenescence. Since the disruption of biological homeostasis by T cell immunosenescence is closely related to the development and progression of CVD via inflammation, senescent T cells are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the relationship between CVD and T cell immunosenescence associated with aging and obesity.
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spelling pubmed-84648322021-09-27 T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease Shirakawa, Kohsuke Sano, Motoaki Cells Review Although advances in preventive medicine have greatly improved prognosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This clearly indicates that there remain residual cardiovascular risks that have not been targeted by conventional therapies. The results of multiple animal studies and clinical trials clearly indicate that inflammation is the most important residual risk and a potential target for CVD prevention. The immune cell network is intricately regulated to maintain homeostasis. Ageing associated changes to the immune system occurs in both innate and adaptive immune cells, however T cells are most susceptible to this process. T-cell changes due to thymic degeneration and homeostatic proliferation, metabolic abnormalities, telomere length shortening, and epigenetic changes associated with aging and obesity may not only reduce normal immune function, but also induce inflammatory tendencies, a process referred to as immunosenescence. Since the disruption of biological homeostasis by T cell immunosenescence is closely related to the development and progression of CVD via inflammation, senescent T cells are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the relationship between CVD and T cell immunosenescence associated with aging and obesity. MDPI 2021-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8464832/ /pubmed/34572084 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092435 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Shirakawa, Kohsuke
Sano, Motoaki
T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease
title T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease
title_full T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease
title_fullStr T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease
title_full_unstemmed T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease
title_short T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease
title_sort t cell immunosenescence in aging, obesity, and cardiovascular disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8464832/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34572084
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092435
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