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Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The maternal status of polyunsaturated fatty...

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Autores principales: Veselinović, Aleksandra, Petrović, Snježana, Žikić, Vladica, Subotić, Miško, Jakovljević, Vladimir, Jeremić, Nevena, Vučić, Vesna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8464922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577816
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090893
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author Veselinović, Aleksandra
Petrović, Snježana
Žikić, Vladica
Subotić, Miško
Jakovljević, Vladimir
Jeremić, Nevena
Vučić, Vesna
author_facet Veselinović, Aleksandra
Petrović, Snježana
Žikić, Vladica
Subotić, Miško
Jakovljević, Vladimir
Jeremić, Nevena
Vučić, Vesna
author_sort Veselinović, Aleksandra
collection PubMed
description Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The maternal status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) regulates microglial activity and neuroinflammatory pathways during a child’s brain development. In children with ASD, the metabolism of PUFA is thought to be deficient or abnormal, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, increased oxidative stress and an imbalance in the formation and action of neurotransmitters. In addition, nutritional deficits in omega-3 PUFA may affect gut microbiota and contribute to ASD by the gut–brain axis. The aim of this study was to review the possible role of neuroinflammation in ASD development and the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in children with ASD. Due to a wide heterogeneity across RCTs, no definitive conclusion about omega-3 PUFA effects in ASD can be drawn. Supplementation with PUFA could be considered as one of the aspects in regulating the biological status of the organism and could provide added value to standard medical and psychological interventions for reducing behavioral deficits.
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spelling pubmed-84649222021-09-27 Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review Veselinović, Aleksandra Petrović, Snježana Žikić, Vladica Subotić, Miško Jakovljević, Vladimir Jeremić, Nevena Vučić, Vesna Medicina (Kaunas) Review Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The maternal status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) regulates microglial activity and neuroinflammatory pathways during a child’s brain development. In children with ASD, the metabolism of PUFA is thought to be deficient or abnormal, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, increased oxidative stress and an imbalance in the formation and action of neurotransmitters. In addition, nutritional deficits in omega-3 PUFA may affect gut microbiota and contribute to ASD by the gut–brain axis. The aim of this study was to review the possible role of neuroinflammation in ASD development and the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in children with ASD. Due to a wide heterogeneity across RCTs, no definitive conclusion about omega-3 PUFA effects in ASD can be drawn. Supplementation with PUFA could be considered as one of the aspects in regulating the biological status of the organism and could provide added value to standard medical and psychological interventions for reducing behavioral deficits. MDPI 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8464922/ /pubmed/34577816 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090893 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Veselinović, Aleksandra
Petrović, Snježana
Žikić, Vladica
Subotić, Miško
Jakovljević, Vladimir
Jeremić, Nevena
Vučić, Vesna
Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review
title Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review
title_full Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review
title_short Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review
title_sort neuroinflammation in autism and supplementation based on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a narrative review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8464922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577816
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090893
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